diff --git a/.changeset/tidy-pandas-invite.md b/.changeset/tidy-pandas-invite.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0fadb2f508
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/tidy-pandas-invite.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@tanstack/table-core': patch
+---
+
+fix: invalidate cached row values when a column's `accessorFn` changes. Rows are memoized on `data`, so replacing column definitions kept serving stale `getValue()` results. The cache now records the accessor identity and recomputes when it changes.
diff --git a/packages/table-core/src/core/rows/constructRow.ts b/packages/table-core/src/core/rows/constructRow.ts
index 9fecbb23ed..aa328d868d 100644
--- a/packages/table-core/src/core/rows/constructRow.ts
+++ b/packages/table-core/src/core/rows/constructRow.ts
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ export const constructRow = <
 
   // Only assign instance-specific properties
   row._displayIndexCache = -1
+  row._accessorFnsCache = makeObjectMap()
   row._uniqueValuesCache = makeObjectMap()
   row._valuesCache = makeObjectMap()
   row.depth = depth
diff --git a/packages/table-core/src/core/rows/coreRowsFeature.types.ts b/packages/table-core/src/core/rows/coreRowsFeature.types.ts
index 8a38bed8c9..2c3766b637 100644
--- a/packages/table-core/src/core/rows/coreRowsFeature.types.ts
+++ b/packages/table-core/src/core/rows/coreRowsFeature.types.ts
@@ -25,6 +25,18 @@ export interface Row_CoreProperties<
   _displayIndexCache: number
   _uniqueValuesCache: Record<string, unknown>
   _valuesCache: Record<string, unknown>
+  /**
+   * Records the column `accessorFn` identity that produced each entry in
+   * `_valuesCache`.
+   *
+   * Rows are rebuilt when `data` changes, but column definitions can be
+   * replaced independently. A cached value is only served while the column's
+   * current accessor is the same function that produced it, so updating
+   * column defs invalidates stale values instead of returning them.
+   *
+   * @internal
+   */
+  _accessorFnsCache: Record<string, unknown>
   /**
    * The depth of the row (if nested or grouped) relative to the root row array.
    */
diff --git a/packages/table-core/src/core/rows/coreRowsFeature.utils.ts b/packages/table-core/src/core/rows/coreRowsFeature.utils.ts
index f37ce79828..348cf859bf 100644
--- a/packages/table-core/src/core/rows/coreRowsFeature.utils.ts
+++ b/packages/table-core/src/core/rows/coreRowsFeature.utils.ts
@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ export function table_getRowsInDisplayOrder<
  * Reads and caches this row's value for a column.
  *
  * The value is produced by the column accessor. Missing columns or display
- * columns without an accessor return `undefined`.
+ * columns without an accessor return `undefined`. The cached value is only
+ * reused while the column's accessor function is unchanged; replacing the
+ * column definitions with a new accessor invalidates the cache.
  *
  * @example
  * ```ts
@@ -79,19 +81,30 @@ export function row_getValue<
   TFeatures extends TableFeatures,
   TData extends RowData,
 >(row: Row<TFeatures, TData>, columnId: string) {
-  if (hasOwn(row._valuesCache, columnId)) {
-    return row._valuesCache[columnId]
-  }
-
   const column = row.table.getColumn(columnId)
 
   if (!column?.accessorFn) {
     return undefined
   }
 
-  row._valuesCache[columnId] = column.accessorFn(row.original, row.index)
+  // Rows are rebuilt when `data` changes, but column definitions can be
+  // replaced independently. Compare the accessor identity so a value cached
+  // under a previous accessor is recomputed instead of served stale.
+  if (
+    hasOwn(row._valuesCache, columnId) &&
+    row._accessorFnsCache[columnId] === column.accessorFn
+  ) {
+    return row._valuesCache[columnId]
+  }
+
+  // Evaluate the accessor before touching either cache entry: if it throws,
+  // both entries keep their previous state so a later call retries the
+  // accessor instead of serving a stale value.
+  const value = column.accessorFn(row.original, row.index)
+  row._accessorFnsCache[columnId] = column.accessorFn
+  row._valuesCache[columnId] = value
 
-  return row._valuesCache[columnId]
+  return value
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/packages/table-core/tests/unit/core/rows/coreRowsFeature.utils.test.ts b/packages/table-core/tests/unit/core/rows/coreRowsFeature.utils.test.ts
index 05d2971736..e240c66884 100644
--- a/packages/table-core/tests/unit/core/rows/coreRowsFeature.utils.test.ts
+++ b/packages/table-core/tests/unit/core/rows/coreRowsFeature.utils.test.ts
@@ -113,6 +113,79 @@ describe('row_getValue', () => {
 
     expect(row_getValue(row, 'not-a-column')).toBeUndefined()
   })
+
+  it('should invalidate the cached value when the column accessor changes', () => {
+    const data = generateTestData(1)
+    const table = constructTable({
+      features,
+      data,
+      columns: [{ id: 'derived', accessorFn: () => 'a' }],
+    })
+    const row = table.getRowModel().rows[0]!
+
+    expect(row_getValue(row, 'derived')).toBe('a')
+
+    // Rows are memoized on `data`, so replacing the column defs keeps the
+    // same row instances; the value cache must still pick up the new accessor.
+    table.setOptions((old) => ({
+      ...old,
+      columns: [{ id: 'derived', accessorFn: () => 'b' }],
+    }))
+
+    expect(row_getValue(row, 'derived')).toBe('b')
+  })
+
+  it('should not recompute the value while the accessor is unchanged', () => {
+    const data = generateTestData(1)
+    let calls = 0
+    const table = constructTable({
+      features,
+      data,
+      columns: [
+        {
+          id: 'derived',
+          accessorFn: () => {
+            calls++
+            return 'a'
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    })
+    const row = table.getRowModel().rows[0]!
+
+    expect(row_getValue(row, 'derived')).toBe('a')
+    expect(row_getValue(row, 'derived')).toBe('a')
+    expect(calls).toBe(1)
+  })
+
+  it('should retry the accessor instead of serving a stale value after it throws', () => {
+    const data = generateTestData(1)
+    const table = constructTable({
+      features,
+      data,
+      columns: [{ id: 'derived', accessorFn: () => 'a' }],
+    })
+    const row = table.getRowModel().rows[0]!
+
+    expect(row_getValue(row, 'derived')).toBe('a')
+
+    let calls = 0
+    const flaky = () => {
+      calls++
+      if (calls === 1) throw new Error('boom')
+      return 'b'
+    }
+    table.setOptions((old) => ({
+      ...old,
+      columns: [{ id: 'derived', accessorFn: flaky }],
+    }))
+
+    expect(() => row_getValue(row, 'derived')).toThrow('boom')
+    // The failed attempt must not poison the cache: the next call retries
+    // the accessor instead of returning the stale 'a'.
+    expect(row_getValue(row, 'derived')).toBe('b')
+    expect(calls).toBe(2)
+  })
 })
 
 describe('row_getUniqueValues', () => {