diff --git a/ci/docker/pixi.dockerfile b/ci/docker/pixi.dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f7a810669c31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/docker/pixi.dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+ARG arch=amd64
+FROM ${arch}/ubuntu:24.04
+
+# install build essentials
+RUN export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive && \
+    apt-get update -y -q && \
+    apt-get install -y -q \
+    curl \
+    gdb \
+    git \
+    libc6-dbg \
+    tzdata \
+    tzdata-legacy \
+    wget && \
+    apt-get clean && \
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# install pixi
+RUN curl -fsSL https://pixi.sh/install.sh -o /tmp/install-pixi.sh
+RUN PIXI_HOME=/opt/pixi PIXI_NO_PATH_UPDATE=1 sh /tmp/install-pixi.sh && rm /tmp/install-pixi.sh
+ENV PATH=/opt/pixi/bin:$PATH
+
+# Verify pixi installation
+RUN pixi --version
diff --git a/ci/pixi/.gitignore b/ci/pixi/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8913651c86dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/pixi/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+**/.pixi
+**/pixi.lock
diff --git a/ci/pixi/asan/cpp/pixi.toml b/ci/pixi/asan/cpp/pixi.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..31c83cec46da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/pixi/asan/cpp/pixi.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+[workspace]
+channels = ["https://prefix.dev/conda-forge"]
+platforms = ["linux-64"]
+preview = ["pixi-build"]
+
+[environments]
+test    = ["test"]
+
+[feature.test.activation.env]
+ARROW_TEST_DATA = "/arrow/testing/data"
+PARQUET_TEST_DATA = "/arrow/cpp/submodules/parquet-testing/data"
+# GH-39973: debug memory pool conflicts with ASAN
+ARROW_DEBUG_MEMORY_POOL = "none"
+ASAN_OPTIONS = "allocator_may_return_null=1:detect_leaks=0:symbolize=1"
+UBSAN_OPTIONS = "print_stacktrace=1"
+
+[feature.test.dependencies]
+binutils = "*"
+cmake = "*"
+
+[feature.test.tasks]
+# This path depends on pixi-build's internal work-directory layout.
+# Required for running C++ tests on Docker.
+test = "cd $(ls -d /arrow/ci/pixi/asan/cpp/.pixi/build/work/arrow-cpp-*/work/build | head -n 1) && ctest --output-on-failure"
+
+[package]
+name = "arrow-cpp"
+version = "25.0.0a0"
+authors = ["Apache Arrow"]
+
+[package.build]
+source.path = "../../../../cpp"
+
+[package.build.backend]
+name = "pixi-build-cmake"
+version = "*"
+
+[package.build.config]
+extra-args = [
+  "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug",
+  "-DARROW_USE_ASAN=ON",
+  "-DARROW_USE_UBSAN=ON",
+  # Avoid creating huge static libraries with sanitizer instrumentation
+  "-DARROW_BUILD_STATIC=OFF",
+  "-DARROW_BUILD_TESTS=ON",
+  "-DARROW_COMPUTE=ON",
+  "-DARROW_CSV=ON",
+  "-DARROW_DATASET=ON",
+  "-DARROW_FILESYSTEM=ON",
+  "-DARROW_JSON=ON",
+  "-DARROW_PARQUET=ON",
+  "-DARROW_WITH_BROTLI=ON",
+  "-DARROW_WITH_BZ2=ON",
+  "-DARROW_WITH_LZ4=ON",
+  "-DARROW_WITH_SNAPPY=ON",
+  "-DARROW_WITH_ZLIB=ON",
+  "-DARROW_WITH_ZSTD=ON",
+  # libutf8proc on package-host-dependencies fails use Bundled.
+  "-Dutf8proc_SOURCE=BUNDLED",
+  "-DOPENSSL_ROOT_DIR=$PREFIX",
+]
+
+[package.host-dependencies]
+brotli = "*"
+bzip2 = "*"
+gflags = "*"
+gmock  = ">=1.10.0"
+gtest  = ">=1.10.0"
+libboost-devel = "*"
+lz4-c = "*"
+openssl = "*"
+rapidjson = "*"
+re2 = "*"
+snappy = "*"
+thrift-cpp = ">=0.11.0"
+xsimd = ">=14.0"
+zlib = "*"
+zstd = "*"
diff --git a/ci/pixi/asan/python/pixi.toml b/ci/pixi/asan/python/pixi.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..011e3581e208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/pixi/asan/python/pixi.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+[workspace]
+channels = ["https://prefix.dev/conda-forge"]
+platforms = ["linux-64"]
+preview = ["pixi-build"]
+
+[environments]
+test    = ["test"]
+
+[feature.test]
+platforms = ["linux-64"]
+
+[feature.test.activation.env]
+ARROW_TEST_DATA = "/arrow/testing/data"
+PARQUET_TEST_DATA = "/arrow/cpp/submodules/parquet-testing/data"
+# GH-39973: debug memory pool conflicts with ASAN
+ARROW_DEBUG_MEMORY_POOL = "none"
+ASAN_OPTIONS = "detect_leaks=0:symbolize=1:strict_init_order=true:allocator_may_return_null=1:use_sigaltstack=0"
+UBSAN_OPTIONS = "print_stacktrace=1"
+
+[feature.test.dependencies]
+hypothesis = "*"
+pyarrow = { path = "." }
+pytest = "*"
+pytest-timeout = "*"
+
+[feature.test.tasks]
+test = "pytest -r s --pyargs pyarrow --timeout=180"
+
+[package]
+name = "pyarrow"
+version = "25.0.0a0"
+authors = ["Apache Arrow"]
+
+[package.build]
+source.path = "../../../../python"
+
+[package.build.backend]
+name = "pixi-build-python"
+version = "*"
+
+[package.build.config]
+compilers = ["c", "cxx"]
+extra-args = [
+    "-Ccmake.build-type=Debug",
+    "-Ccmake.define.ARROW_USE_ASAN=ON",
+    "-Ccmake.define.ARROW_USE_UBSAN=ON",
+]
+env = {
+    PYARROW_BUNDLE_ARROW_CPP = "0",
+    CMAKE_GENERATOR = "Ninja",
+    ARROW_HOME = "$PREFIX",
+    ASAN_OPTIONS = "detect_leaks=0:symbolize=1:strict_init_order=true:allocator_may_return_null=1:use_sigaltstack=0"
+}
+
+[package.host-dependencies]
+# Sanitizer-instrumented Arrow C++ (sibling pixi package).
+arrow-cpp = { path = "../cpp" }
+cmake = "*"
+cython = ">=3.0"
+gcc_linux-64 = "*"
+git = "*"
+gxx_linux-64 = "*"
+ninja = "*"
+pip = "*"
+pkg-config = "*"
+scikit-build-core = "*"
+setuptools-scm = "*"
+sysroot_linux-64 = "*"
+zlib = "*"
+# Instrumented CPython built from source (v3.15.0a6).
+# commit hash must match numpy's pixi-packages/asan pinned commit,
+# so pixi-build doesn't build cpython twice with different versions.
+python.git = "https://github.com/python/cpython"
+python.subdirectory = "Tools/pixi-packages/asan"
+python.rev = "15b216f30d0445469ec31bc7509fcc55a216ef7c"
+# Instrumented NumPy built from source.
+numpy.git = "https://github.com/numpy/numpy"
+numpy.subdirectory = "pixi-packages/asan"
+numpy.rev = "0419105da9cd0a15a4e02bc22019c2b65272c68a"
+
+[package.run-dependencies]
+arrow-cpp = { path = "../cpp" }
+# The following are necessary to run the Python test suite,
+# which otherwise won't be run with the instrumented Python and NumPy.
+# Important to use the same revisions as in host-dependencies to avoid
+# mismatches between build and test environments.
+python.git = "https://github.com/python/cpython"
+python.subdirectory = "Tools/pixi-packages/asan"
+python.rev = "15b216f30d0445469ec31bc7509fcc55a216ef7c"
+numpy.git = "https://github.com/numpy/numpy"
+numpy.subdirectory = "pixi-packages/asan"
+numpy.rev = "0419105da9cd0a15a4e02bc22019c2b65272c68a"
diff --git a/ci/pixi/default/cpp/pixi.toml b/ci/pixi/default/cpp/pixi.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..36851a3ec047
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/pixi/default/cpp/pixi.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+[workspace]
+channels = ["https://prefix.dev/conda-forge"]
+platforms = ["linux-64"]
+preview = ["pixi-build"]
+
+[environments]
+test    = ["test"]
+
+[feature.test.activation.env]
+ARROW_TEST_DATA = "/arrow/testing/data"
+PARQUET_TEST_DATA = "/arrow/cpp/submodules/parquet-testing/data"
+
+[feature.test.dependencies]
+binutils = "*"
+cmake = "*"
+
+[feature.test.tasks]
+# This path depends on pixi-build's internal work-directory layout.
+# Required for running C++ tests on Docker.
+test = "cd $(ls -d /arrow/ci/pixi/default/cpp/.pixi/build/work/arrow-cpp-*/work/build | head -n 1) && ctest --output-on-failure"
+
+[package]
+name = "arrow-cpp"
+version = "25.0.0a0"
+authors = ["Apache Arrow"]
+
+[package.build]
+source.path = "../../../../cpp"
+
+[package.build.backend]
+name = "pixi-build-cmake"
+version = "*"
+
+[package.build.config]
+extra-args = [
+  "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release",
+  "-DARROW_BUILD_TESTS=ON",
+  "-DARROW_COMPUTE=ON",
+  "-DARROW_CSV=ON",
+  "-DARROW_DATASET=ON",
+  "-DARROW_FILESYSTEM=ON",
+  "-DARROW_JSON=ON",
+  "-DARROW_PARQUET=ON",
+  "-DARROW_WITH_BROTLI=ON",
+  "-DARROW_WITH_BZ2=ON",
+  "-DARROW_WITH_LZ4=ON",
+  "-DARROW_WITH_SNAPPY=ON",
+  "-DARROW_WITH_ZLIB=ON",
+  "-DARROW_WITH_ZSTD=ON",
+  # libutf8proc on package-host-dependencies fails use Bundled.
+  "-Dutf8proc_SOURCE=BUNDLED",
+  "-DOPENSSL_ROOT_DIR=$PREFIX",
+]
+
+[package.host-dependencies]
+brotli = "*"
+bzip2 = "*"
+gflags = "*"
+gmock  = ">=1.10.0"
+gtest  = ">=1.10.0"
+libboost-devel = "*"
+lz4-c = "*"
+openssl = "*"
+rapidjson = "*"
+re2 = "*"
+snappy = "*"
+thrift-cpp = ">=0.11.0"
+xsimd = ">=14.0"
+zlib = "*"
+zstd = "*"
diff --git a/ci/pixi/default/python/pixi.toml b/ci/pixi/default/python/pixi.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..268747afbd01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/pixi/default/python/pixi.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+[workspace]
+channels = ["https://prefix.dev/conda-forge"]
+platforms = ["linux-64"]
+preview = ["pixi-build"]
+
+[environments]
+test    = ["test"]
+
+[feature.test]
+platforms = ["linux-64"]
+
+[feature.test.activation.env]
+ARROW_TEST_DATA = "/arrow/testing/data"
+PARQUET_TEST_DATA = "/arrow/cpp/submodules/parquet-testing/data"
+
+[feature.test.dependencies]
+hypothesis = "*"
+pyarrow = { path = "." }
+pytest = "*"
+pytest-timeout = "*"
+
+[feature.test.tasks]
+test = "pytest -r s --pyargs pyarrow --timeout=60"
+
+[package]
+name = "pyarrow"
+version = "25.0.0a0"
+authors = ["Apache Arrow"]
+
+[package.build]
+source.path = "../../../../python"
+
+[package.build.backend]
+name = "pixi-build-python"
+version = "*"
+
+[package.build.config]
+compilers = ["c", "cxx"]
+env = {
+  PYARROW_BUNDLE_ARROW_CPP = "0",
+  CMAKE_GENERATOR = "Ninja",
+  ARROW_HOME = "$PREFIX",
+}
+
+[package.host-dependencies]
+arrow-cpp = { path = "../cpp" }   # source-dep on the arrow-cpp manifest
+cmake = "*"
+cython = ">=3.0"
+gcc_linux-64 = "*"
+git = "*"
+gxx_linux-64 = "*"
+ninja = "*"
+numpy = "*"
+pip = "*"
+pkg-config = "*"
+python = ">=3.10,<3.14"
+scikit-build-core = "*"
+setuptools-scm = "*"
+sysroot_linux-64 = "*"
+zlib = "*"
+
+[package.run-dependencies]
+arrow-cpp = { path = "../cpp" }
+python = ">=3.10,<3.14"
+numpy = "*"
diff --git a/compose.yaml b/compose.yaml
index be32a95dd945..53ed3bd4c59b 100644
--- a/compose.yaml
+++ b/compose.yaml
@@ -138,6 +138,10 @@ x-hierarchy:
   - fedora-cpp:
     - fedora-python
   - fedora-r-clang
+  - pixi-cpp:
+    - pixi-cpp-sanitizer
+  - pixi-python:
+    - pixi-python-sanitizer
   - python-sdist
   - ubuntu-cpp:
     - ubuntu-cpp-static
@@ -197,6 +201,14 @@ volumes:
     name: ${ARCH}-fedora-${FEDORA}-ccache
   maven-cache:
     name: maven-cache
+  pixi-cpp-build:
+    name: ${ARCH}-pixi-cpp-build
+  pixi-cpp-sanitizer-build:
+    name: ${ARCH}-pixi-cpp-sanitizer-build
+  pixi-python-build:
+    name: ${ARCH}-pixi-python-build
+  pixi-python-sanitizer-build:
+    name: ${ARCH}-pixi-python-sanitizer-build
   python-wheel-manylinux-2-28-ccache:
     name: python-wheel-manylinux-2-28-ccache
   python-wheel-musllinux-1-2-ccache:
@@ -1158,6 +1170,99 @@ services:
     volumes: *ubuntu-volumes
     command: *python-command
 
+  ############################  Pixi builds  ##################################
+
+  pixi-cpp:
+    # C++ build with pixi
+    #
+    # Usage:
+    #   docker compose build pixi-cpp
+    #   docker compose run --rm pixi-cpp
+    # Parameters:
+    #   ARCH: amd64, arm32v7
+    image: ${REPO}:${ARCH}-pixi
+    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: ci/docker/pixi.dockerfile
+      args:
+        arch: ${ARCH}
+    volumes:
+      - .:/arrow:delegated
+      - ${DOCKER_VOLUME_PREFIX}pixi-cpp-build:/arrow/ci/pixi/default/cpp/.pixi:delegated
+    command:  >
+      /bin/sh -c "pixi build --path /arrow/ci/pixi/default/cpp &&
+        pixi run --environment test --manifest-path /arrow/ci/pixi/default/cpp test"
+
+  pixi-cpp-sanitizer:
+    # C++ build with pixi and Address/Undefined Behavior sanitizers enabled
+    #
+    # Usage:
+    #   docker compose build pixi-cpp-sanitizer
+    #   docker compose run --rm pixi-cpp-sanitizer
+    # Parameters:
+    #   ARCH: amd64, arm32v7
+    image: ${REPO}:${ARCH}-pixi
+    cap_add:
+      # For LeakSanitizer
+      - SYS_PTRACE
+    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: ci/docker/pixi.dockerfile
+      args:
+        arch: ${ARCH}
+    volumes:
+      - .:/arrow:delegated
+      - ${DOCKER_VOLUME_PREFIX}pixi-cpp-sanitizer-build:/arrow/ci/pixi/asan/cpp/.pixi:delegated
+    command:  >
+      /bin/sh -c "pixi build --path /arrow/ci/pixi/asan/cpp &&
+        pixi run --environment test --manifest-path /arrow/ci/pixi/asan/cpp test"
+
+  pixi-python:
+    # CPython build with pixi
+    #
+    # Usage:
+    #   docker compose build pixi-python
+    #   docker compose run --rm pixi-python
+    # Parameters:
+    #   ARCH: amd64, arm32v7
+    image: ${REPO}:${ARCH}-pixi
+    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: ci/docker/pixi.dockerfile
+      args:
+        arch: ${ARCH}
+    volumes:
+      - .:/arrow:delegated
+      - ${DOCKER_VOLUME_PREFIX}pixi-python-build:/arrow/ci/pixi/default/python/.pixi:delegated
+    command: >
+      /bin/sh -c "pixi build --path /arrow/ci/pixi/default/python &&
+        pixi run --environment test --manifest-path /arrow/ci/pixi/default/python test"
+
+  pixi-python-sanitizer:
+    # PyArrow build with pixi against sanitizer-instrumented CPython, NumPy
+    # and Arrow C++. Builds CPython and NumPy from source via pixi-build.
+    #
+    # Usage:
+    #   docker compose build pixi-python-sanitizer
+    #   docker compose run --rm pixi-python-sanitizer
+    # Parameters:
+    #   ARCH: amd64, arm32v7
+    image: ${REPO}:${ARCH}-pixi
+    cap_add:
+      # For LeakSanitizer
+      - SYS_PTRACE
+    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: ci/docker/pixi.dockerfile
+      args:
+        arch: ${ARCH}
+    volumes:
+      - .:/arrow:delegated
+      - ${DOCKER_VOLUME_PREFIX}pixi-python-sanitizer-build:/arrow/ci/pixi/asan/python/.pixi:delegated
+    command: >
+      /bin/sh -c "pixi build --path /arrow/ci/pixi/asan/python &&
+        pixi run --environment test --manifest-path /arrow/ci/pixi/asan/python test"
+
   ############################ Python wheels ##################################
 
   # See available versions at:
diff --git a/dev/release/01-prepare-test.rb b/dev/release/01-prepare-test.rb
index 22afe6180024..77911ca27fd4 100644
--- a/dev/release/01-prepare-test.rb
+++ b/dev/release/01-prepare-test.rb
@@ -228,6 +228,34 @@ def test_version_pre_tag
            "+set(MLARROW_VERSION \"#{@release_version}\")"],
         ],
       },
+      {
+        path: "ci/pixi/asan/cpp/pixi.toml",
+        hunks: [
+          ["-version = \"#{@release_version}a0\"",
+            "+version = \"#{@release_version}\""],
+        ],
+      },
+      {
+        path: "ci/pixi/asan/python/pixi.toml",
+        hunks: [
+          ["-version = \"#{@release_version}a0\"",
+            "+version = \"#{@release_version}\""],
+        ],
+      },
+      {
+        path: "ci/pixi/default/cpp/pixi.toml",
+        hunks: [
+          ["-version = \"#{@release_version}a0\"",
+            "+version = \"#{@release_version}\""],
+        ],
+      },
+      {
+        path: "ci/pixi/default/python/pixi.toml",
+        hunks: [
+          ["-version = \"#{@release_version}a0\"",
+            "+version = \"#{@release_version}\""],
+        ],
+      },
       {
         path: "python/CMakeLists.txt",
         hunks: [
diff --git a/dev/release/post-10-bump-versions-test.rb b/dev/release/post-10-bump-versions-test.rb
index aad4d7c699cb..ec03f0c2b47f 100644
--- a/dev/release/post-10-bump-versions-test.rb
+++ b/dev/release/post-10-bump-versions-test.rb
@@ -257,6 +257,34 @@ def test_version_post_tag
              "+set(PYARROW_VERSION \"#{@next_snapshot_version}\")"],
           ],
         },
+        {
+          path: "ci/pixi/asan/cpp/pixi.toml",
+          hunks: [
+            ["-version = \"#{@release_version}a0\"",
+             "+version = \"#{@next_version}a0\""],
+          ],
+        },
+        {
+          path: "ci/pixi/asan/python/pixi.toml",
+          hunks: [
+            ["-version = \"#{@release_version}a0\"",
+             "+version = \"#{@next_version}a0\""],
+          ],
+        },
+        {
+          path: "ci/pixi/default/cpp/pixi.toml",
+          hunks: [
+            ["-version = \"#{@release_version}a0\"",
+             "+version = \"#{@next_version}a0\""],
+          ],
+        },
+        {
+          path: "ci/pixi/default/python/pixi.toml",
+          hunks: [
+            ["-version = \"#{@release_version}a0\"",
+             "+version = \"#{@next_version}a0\""],
+          ],
+        },
         {
           path: "python/pyproject.toml",
           hunks: [
diff --git a/dev/release/utils-prepare.sh b/dev/release/utils-prepare.sh
index e67439467cc2..953ff4f0b831 100644
--- a/dev/release/utils-prepare.sh
+++ b/dev/release/utils-prepare.sh
@@ -70,6 +70,14 @@ update_versions() {
   git add PKGBUILD
   popd
 
+  pushd "${ARROW_DIR}/ci/pixi"
+    sed -i.bak -E -e \
+    "s/^version = \"[0-9].*\"/version = \"${python_version}\"/" \
+    */*/pixi.toml
+  rm -f */*/pixi.toml.bak
+  git add */*/pixi.toml
+  popd
+
   pushd "${ARROW_DIR}/cpp"
   sed -i.bak -E -e \
     "s/^set\(ARROW_VERSION \".+\"\)/set(ARROW_VERSION \"${version}\")/" \
diff --git a/dev/tasks/tasks.yml b/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
index 2c182887f175..1e3f3d999901 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
+++ b/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
@@ -366,6 +366,20 @@ tasks:
     params:
       image: conda-cpp-valgrind
 
+{% for image in ["pixi-cpp",
+                 "pixi-cpp-sanitizer",
+                 "pixi-python",
+                 "pixi-python-sanitizer"] %}
+  test-{{ image }}:
+    ci: github
+    template: docker-tests/github.linux.yml
+    params:
+      image: {{ image }}
+    {% if image == "pixi-python-sanitizer" %}
+      timeout: 120
+    {% endif %}
+{% endfor %}
+
   test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp:
     ci: github
     template: docker-tests/github.linux.yml
diff --git a/python/CMakeLists.txt b/python/CMakeLists.txt
index d0ddb9009f89..8fb9afad196f 100644
--- a/python/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/python/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -158,7 +158,12 @@ if(NOT DEFINED ARROW_RUNTIME_SIMD_LEVEL)
       "MAX"
       CACHE STRING "Max runtime SIMD optimization level")
 endif()
+
+option(ARROW_USE_ASAN "Enable Address Sanitizer checks" OFF)
+option(ARROW_USE_UBSAN "Enable Undefined Behavior sanitizer checks" OFF)
+
 include(SetupCxxFlags)
+include(san-config)
 
 if($ENV{PYODIDE})
   # These variables are needed for building PyArrow on Emscripten.
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/conftest.py b/python/pyarrow/conftest.py
index 9fed75dac3ee..480bf9af4fe7 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/conftest.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/conftest.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 import pytest
 
+import ctypes
 import os
 import pyarrow as pa
 from pyarrow import Codec
@@ -25,6 +26,16 @@
 import sys
 
 
+def _is_asan_build():
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        return False
+    try:
+        ctypes.CDLL(None).__asan_init
+        return True
+    except (OSError, AttributeError):
+        return False
+
+
 groups = [
     'acero',
     'azure',
@@ -43,6 +54,7 @@
     'large_memory',
     'lz4',
     'memory_leak',
+    'noasan',
     'nopandas',
     'nonumpy',
     'numpy',
@@ -80,6 +92,7 @@
     'large_memory': False,
     'lz4': Codec.is_available('lz4'),
     'memory_leak': False,
+    'noasan': not _is_asan_build(),
     'nopandas': False,
     'nonumpy': False,
     'numpy': False,
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_dlpack.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_dlpack.py
index 7452c8eb4a13..f9aca70582fa 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_dlpack.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_dlpack.py
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
     return wrapper
 
 
+# Asan tests are flacky on check_bytes_allocated assertion.
+@pytest.mark.noasan
 @check_bytes_allocated
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ('value_type', 'np_type_str'),
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_memory.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_memory.py
index 56196bd9c5b3..7915b39a5be2 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_memory.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_memory.py
@@ -257,16 +257,22 @@ def check_debug_memory_pool_disabled(pool_factory, env_value, msg):
         assert msg in res.stderr
 
 
+# Asan test fails as we are deliberately doing an out-of-bounds write.
+@pytest.mark.noasan
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('pool_factory', supported_factories())
 def test_debug_memory_pool_none(pool_factory):
     check_debug_memory_pool_disabled(pool_factory, "none", "")
 
 
+# Asan test fails as we are deliberately doing an out-of-bounds write.
+@pytest.mark.noasan
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('pool_factory', supported_factories())
 def test_debug_memory_pool_empty(pool_factory):
     check_debug_memory_pool_disabled(pool_factory, "", "")
 
 
+# Asan test fails as we are deliberately doing an out-of-bounds write.
+@pytest.mark.noasan
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('pool_factory', supported_factories())
 def test_debug_memory_pool_unknown(pool_factory):
     env_value = "some_arbitrary_value"