diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 3ca5b9ff17..b45495d63d 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@ and adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+### Fixes
+
+- Calls no longer resolve to a same-named symbol in an unrelated language on the strength of the name alone. Nothing in Python can call a function in Elixir, but a language's own builtins and test macros — `test`, `describe`, `apply`, `max`, `field` — have no definition of their own to bind to, so a lone same-named symbol in another language was winning by default. On a mixed-language repository that produced thousands of impossible call edges, and the symbols they landed on reported callers and impact that were mostly or entirely fictional. Genuine cross-language calls — FFI bindings, native bridges — are unaffected, because those resolve through an import or a qualified name rather than a bare one. Set `CODEGRAPH_CROSS_FAMILY_CALL_FLOOR=0` to restore the old behaviour.
+- A `.tsx` file calling a `.ts` helper is no longer treated as crossing a language boundary. The two are the same runtime, but they were compared by file type rather than by language family, so ordinary calls throughout a React codebase were scored as low-confidence guesses.
+
 
 ## [1.6.0] - 2026-08-26
 
diff --git a/__tests__/resolution.test.ts b/__tests__/resolution.test.ts
index decaadee57..6d07279636 100644
--- a/__tests__/resolution.test.ts
+++ b/__tests__/resolution.test.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * Tests for Phase 3: Reference Resolution
  */
 
-import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach, vi } from 'vitest';
 import * as fs from 'fs';
 import * as path from 'path';
 import * as os from 'os';
@@ -36,6 +36,120 @@ describe('Resolution Module', () => {
     }
   });
 
+
+  describe('Cross-family call confidence', () => {
+    // A `calls` edge is deliberately allowed to cross language families — FFI
+    // bindings, a React Native bridge method, a pybind entry point are all real
+    // calls, which is why the language gate covers `references` and `imports`
+    // but not `calls`. What is not real is a cross-family edge whose only
+    // evidence is that some symbol somewhere carries the same name: nothing in
+    // Python can call a function in Elixir, and an unresolved language builtin
+    // or test macro has no definition in its own language to bind to, so the
+    // lone same-named foreign symbol used to win by default.
+    const node = (over: Partial<Node>): Node => ({
+      id: 'n', kind: 'function', name: 'x', qualifiedName: 'x',
+      filePath: 'a.ts', language: 'typescript',
+      startLine: 1, endLine: 2, startColumn: 0, endColumn: 0,
+      updatedAt: Date.now(), ...over,
+    });
+    const contextOf = (nodes: Node[]): ResolutionContext => ({
+      getNodesInFile: () => nodes,
+      getNodesByName: (name: string) => nodes.filter((n) => n.name === name),
+      getNodesByQualifiedName: () => [],
+      getNodesByKind: () => [],
+      getNodesByLowerName: (lower: string) =>
+        nodes.filter((n) => n.name.toLowerCase() === lower),
+      getImportMappings: () => [],
+      fileExists: () => true,
+      readFile: () => null,
+      getProjectRoot: () => '/test',
+      getAllFiles: () => nodes.map((n) => n.filePath),
+    } as any);
+    const refFrom = (language: string, filePath: string, name: string) => ({
+      fromNodeId: `caller:${filePath}:c:1`,
+      referenceName: name,
+      referenceKind: 'calls' as const,
+      line: 5, column: 0, filePath, language: language as any,
+    });
+
+    it('declines a lone same-named match in an unrelated language', () => {
+      // `test` is an ExUnit macro: it has no Elixir definition to bind to, so
+      // the only candidate anywhere is a test runner's fixture in TypeScript.
+      const nodes = [node({
+        id: 'ts:test', name: 'test', qualifiedName: 'fixtures.ts::test',
+        filePath: 'e2e/fixtures.ts', language: 'typescript',
+      })];
+      expect(matchReference(refFrom('elixir', 'lib/app/user_test.exs', 'test'), contextOf(nodes)))
+        .toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it('still resolves a lone same-named match inside one family', () => {
+      // `.tsx` calling a `.ts` helper is the same runtime, and is most calls in
+      // a React codebase — it must keep both its edge and a high confidence.
+      const nodes = [node({
+        id: 'ts:formatDate', name: 'formatDate', qualifiedName: 'fmt.ts::formatDate',
+        filePath: 'src/lib/fmt.ts', language: 'typescript',
+      })];
+      const result = matchReference(
+        refFrom('tsx', 'src/components/Row.tsx', 'formatDate'), contextOf(nodes));
+      expect(result?.targetNodeId).toBe('ts:formatDate');
+      // Scored on the family, not the raw language tag — `tsx` vs `typescript`
+      // is not a boundary crossing.
+      expect(result!.confidence).toBeGreaterThan(0.5);
+    });
+
+    it('prefers a same-language definition over a foreign same-named one', () => {
+      const nodes = [
+        node({ id: 'ex:parse', name: 'parse', qualifiedName: 'App.Parser::parse',
+               filePath: 'lib/app/parser.ex', language: 'elixir' }),
+        node({ id: 'ts:parse', name: 'parse', qualifiedName: 'p.ts::parse',
+               filePath: 'src/p.ts', language: 'typescript' }),
+      ];
+      const result = matchReference(
+        refFrom('elixir', 'lib/app/reader.ex', 'parse'), contextOf(nodes));
+      expect(result?.targetNodeId).toBe('ex:parse');
+    });
+
+    it('keeps a cross-family match that a precise strategy resolved', () => {
+      // A real FFI binding resolves by qualified name, well above the floor —
+      // the floor only declines matches whose sole evidence is the bare name.
+      const nodes = [node({
+        id: 'cpp:Engine.step', name: 'step', qualifiedName: 'Engine::step',
+        filePath: 'native/engine.cpp', language: 'cpp', kind: 'method',
+      })];
+      const context = {
+        ...contextOf(nodes),
+        getNodesByQualifiedName: (q: string) =>
+          nodes.filter((n) => n.qualifiedName === q),
+      } as ResolutionContext;
+      const result = matchReference(refFrom('python', 'py/sim.py', 'Engine::step'), context);
+      expect(result?.targetNodeId).toBe('cpp:Engine.step');
+      expect(result!.confidence).toBeGreaterThan(0.5);
+    });
+
+    it('can be switched off for a project that relies on the old behaviour', async () => {
+      // The gate removes edges, so it needs an escape hatch — read at module
+      // load, which is why this reimports rather than mutating in place.
+      const prev = process.env.CODEGRAPH_CROSS_FAMILY_CALL_FLOOR;
+      process.env.CODEGRAPH_CROSS_FAMILY_CALL_FLOOR = '0';
+      try {
+        vi.resetModules();
+        const fresh = await import('../src/resolution/name-matcher');
+        const nodes = [node({
+          id: 'ts:test', name: 'test', qualifiedName: 'fixtures.ts::test',
+          filePath: 'e2e/fixtures.ts', language: 'typescript',
+        })];
+        expect(fresh.matchReference(
+          refFrom('elixir', 'lib/app/user_test.exs', 'test'), contextOf(nodes))
+        ).not.toBeNull();
+      } finally {
+        if (prev === undefined) delete process.env.CODEGRAPH_CROSS_FAMILY_CALL_FLOOR;
+        else process.env.CODEGRAPH_CROSS_FAMILY_CALL_FLOOR = prev;
+        vi.resetModules();
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('Name Matcher', () => {
     it('should match exact name references', () => {
       // Create a mock context
diff --git a/src/resolution/name-matcher.ts b/src/resolution/name-matcher.ts
index c74d8f272e..371a8eb466 100644
--- a/src/resolution/name-matcher.ts
+++ b/src/resolution/name-matcher.ts
@@ -34,6 +34,49 @@ function resolveAmbiguousNameCeiling(): number {
 }
 const AMBIGUOUS_NAME_CEILING = resolveAmbiguousNameCeiling();
 
+/**
+ * Confidence a name match must EXCEED to be believed across language families.
+ *
+ * A `calls` edge is deliberately allowed to cross families — an FFI binding, a
+ * React Native bridge method, a pybind entry point are all real calls, which is
+ * why `applyLanguageGate` gates `references` and `imports` but not `calls`.
+ * What is not real is a cross-family edge whose only evidence is that some
+ * symbol somewhere carries the same name. Nothing in Python can call a function
+ * in Elixir, and an unresolved language builtin or test macro — `test`,
+ * `describe`, `apply`, `max`, `field` — has no definition in its own language to
+ * bind to, so the lone same-named symbol in another language wins by default.
+ *
+ * Those matches were already recognised: this is exactly the branch that scores
+ * a lone cross-family candidate 0.5 instead of 0.9, and fuzzy 0.3. The verdict
+ * was recorded in the edge's metadata and then believed anyway by every
+ * consumer, so `callers` and `impact` reported it as fact. Declining below the
+ * floor keeps the precise strategies — qualified-name, import-based, class-name
+ * — which is how a genuine FFI binding resolves, and how it keeps its edge.
+ *
+ * Set `CODEGRAPH_CROSS_FAMILY_CALL_FLOOR=0` to restore the old behaviour.
+ */
+const DEFAULT_CROSS_FAMILY_CALL_FLOOR = 0.5;
+function resolveCrossFamilyCallFloor(): number {
+  const raw = process.env.CODEGRAPH_CROSS_FAMILY_CALL_FLOOR;
+  if (!raw) return DEFAULT_CROSS_FAMILY_CALL_FLOOR;
+  const parsed = Number.parseFloat(raw);
+  return Number.isFinite(parsed) && parsed >= 0 ? parsed : DEFAULT_CROSS_FAMILY_CALL_FLOOR;
+}
+const CROSS_FAMILY_CALL_FLOOR = resolveCrossFamilyCallFloor();
+
+/**
+ * Drop a name match that crosses a language family on weak evidence. Same-family
+ * matches (and anything above the floor) pass through untouched.
+ */
+function declineWeakCrossFamily(
+  match: ResolvedRef,
+  target: Node,
+  ref: UnresolvedRef
+): ResolvedRef | null {
+  if (sameLanguageFamily(target.language, ref.language)) return match;
+  return match.confidence > CROSS_FAMILY_CALL_FLOOR ? match : null;
+}
+
 /**
  * Try to resolve a path-like reference (e.g., "snippets/drawer-menu.liquid")
  * by matching the filename against file nodes.
@@ -413,15 +456,19 @@ export function matchByExactName(
     return null;
   }
 
-  // If only one match, use it — but penalize cross-language matches
+  // If only one match, use it — but penalize matches from another language
+  // FAMILY. Comparing the raw language tag instead treats `.tsx` calling a
+  // `.ts` helper as cross-language and marks a perfectly ordinary same-runtime
+  // call 0.5, which is most calls in any React codebase; the family is what
+  // decides whether the two halves can reach each other at all.
   if (candidates.length === 1) {
-    const isCrossLanguage = candidates[0]!.language !== ref.language;
-    return {
+    const isCrossFamily = !sameLanguageFamily(candidates[0]!.language, ref.language);
+    return declineWeakCrossFamily({
       original: ref,
       targetNodeId: candidates[0]!.id,
-      confidence: isCrossLanguage ? 0.5 : 0.9,
+      confidence: isCrossFamily ? 0.5 : 0.9,
       resolvedBy: 'exact-match',
-    };
+    }, candidates[0]!, ref);
   }
 
   // Ubiquitous-name ceiling (#999): above it, picking one target among K
@@ -439,12 +486,12 @@ export function matchByExactName(
     // Lower confidence when the match is from a distant/unrelated module
     const proximity = computePathProximity(ref.filePath, bestMatch.filePath);
     const confidence = proximity >= 30 ? 0.7 : 0.4;
-    return {
+    return declineWeakCrossFamily({
       original: ref,
       targetNodeId: bestMatch.id,
       confidence,
       resolvedBy: 'exact-match',
-    };
+    }, bestMatch, ref);
   }
 
   return null;
@@ -2419,13 +2466,16 @@ export function matchFuzzy(
   const finalCandidates = sameLanguageCandidates.length > 0 ? sameLanguageCandidates : callableCandidates;
 
   if (finalCandidates.length === 1) {
-    const isCrossLanguage = finalCandidates[0]!.language !== ref.language;
-    return {
+    // Family, not raw language tag: a `.tsx` ref matching a `.ts` definition is
+    // the same runtime, and scoring it as though it crossed a boundary
+    // understates every call in a React codebase.
+    const isCrossFamily = !sameLanguageFamily(finalCandidates[0]!.language, ref.language);
+    return declineWeakCrossFamily({
       original: ref,
       targetNodeId: finalCandidates[0]!.id,
-      confidence: isCrossLanguage ? 0.3 : 0.5,
+      confidence: isCrossFamily ? 0.3 : 0.5,
       resolvedBy: 'fuzzy',
-    };
+    }, finalCandidates[0]!, ref);
   }
 
   return null;