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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='UTF-8'><meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width initial-scale=1'>
<title>Painless FSM</title><style type='text/css'>html {overflow-x: initial !important;}:root { --bg-color:#ffffff; --text-color:#333333; --select-text-bg-color:#B5D6FC; --select-text-font-color:auto; --monospace:"Lucida Console",Consolas,"Courier",monospace; }
html { font-size: 14px; background-color: var(--bg-color); color: var(--text-color); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
body { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto; bottom: 0px; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.42857; overflow-x: hidden; background: inherit; tab-size: 4; }
iframe { margin: auto; }
a.url { word-break: break-all; }
a:active, a:hover { outline: 0px; }
.in-text-selection, ::selection { text-shadow: none; background: var(--select-text-bg-color); color: var(--select-text-font-color); }
#write { margin: 0px auto; height: auto; width: inherit; word-break: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word; position: relative; white-space: normal; overflow-x: visible; padding-top: 40px; }
#write.first-line-indent p { text-indent: 2em; }
#write.first-line-indent li p, #write.first-line-indent p * { text-indent: 0px; }
#write.first-line-indent li { margin-left: 2em; }
.for-image #write { padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; }
body.typora-export { padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; }
.typora-export .footnote-line, .typora-export li, .typora-export p { white-space: pre-wrap; }
@media screen and (max-width: 500px) {
body.typora-export { padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; }
#write { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; }
.CodeMirror-sizer { margin-left: 0px !important; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { display: none !important; }
}
#write li > figure:last-child { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
#write ol, #write ul { position: relative; }
img { max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; }
button, input, select, textarea { color: inherit; font: inherit; }
input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"] { line-height: normal; padding: 0px; }
*, ::after, ::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
#write h1, #write h2, #write h3, #write h4, #write h5, #write h6, #write p, #write pre { width: inherit; }
#write h1, #write h2, #write h3, #write h4, #write h5, #write h6, #write p { position: relative; }
p { line-height: inherit; }
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 2; }
p { orphans: 4; }
h1 { font-size: 2rem; }
h2 { font-size: 1.8rem; }
h3 { font-size: 1.6rem; }
h4 { font-size: 1.4rem; }
h5 { font-size: 1.2rem; }
h6 { font-size: 1rem; }
.md-math-block, .md-rawblock, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p { margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.hidden { display: none; }
.md-blockmeta { color: rgb(204, 204, 204); font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; }
a { cursor: pointer; }
sup.md-footnote { padding: 2px 4px; background-color: rgba(238, 238, 238, 0.7); color: rgb(85, 85, 85); border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; }
sup.md-footnote a, sup.md-footnote a:hover { color: inherit; text-transform: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; }
#write input[type="checkbox"] { cursor: pointer; width: inherit; height: inherit; }
figure { overflow-x: auto; margin: 1.2em 0px; max-width: calc(100% + 16px); padding: 0px; }
figure > table { margin: 0px !important; }
tr { break-inside: avoid; break-after: auto; }
thead { display: table-header-group; }
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; width: 100%; overflow: auto; break-inside: auto; text-align: left; }
table.md-table td { min-width: 32px; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { border-right: 0px; background-color: inherit; }
.CodeMirror-linenumber { user-select: none; }
.CodeMirror { text-align: left; }
.CodeMirror-placeholder { opacity: 0.3; }
.CodeMirror pre { padding: 0px 4px; }
.CodeMirror-lines { padding: 0px; }
div.hr:focus { cursor: none; }
#write pre { white-space: pre-wrap; }
#write.fences-no-line-wrapping pre { white-space: pre; }
#write pre.ty-contain-cm { white-space: normal; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { margin-right: 4px; }
.md-fences { font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; overflow: visible; white-space: pre; background: inherit; position: relative !important; }
.md-diagram-panel { width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; overflow-x: auto; }
#write .md-fences.mock-cm { white-space: pre-wrap; }
.md-fences.md-fences-with-lineno { padding-left: 0px; }
#write.fences-no-line-wrapping .md-fences.mock-cm { white-space: pre; overflow-x: auto; }
.md-fences.mock-cm.md-fences-with-lineno { padding-left: 8px; }
.CodeMirror-line, twitterwidget { break-inside: avoid; }
.footnotes { opacity: 0.8; font-size: 0.9rem; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; }
.footnotes + .footnotes { margin-top: 0px; }
.md-reset { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: top; background: 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; float: none; position: static; width: auto; height: auto; white-space: nowrap; cursor: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; line-height: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; box-sizing: content-box; direction: ltr; }
li div { padding-top: 0px; }
blockquote { margin: 1rem 0px; }
li .mathjax-block, li p { margin: 0.5rem 0px; }
li { margin: 0px; position: relative; }
blockquote > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
blockquote > :first-child, li > :first-child { margin-top: 0px; }
.footnotes-area { color: rgb(136, 136, 136); margin-top: 0.714rem; padding-bottom: 0.143rem; white-space: normal; }
#write .footnote-line { white-space: pre-wrap; }
@media print {
body, html { border: 1px solid transparent; height: 99%; break-after: avoid; break-before: avoid; }
#write { margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; border-color: transparent !important; }
.typora-export * { -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; }
html.blink-to-pdf { font-size: 13px; }
.typora-export #write { padding-left: 32px; padding-right: 32px; padding-bottom: 0px; break-after: avoid; }
.typora-export #write::after { height: 0px; }
}
.footnote-line { margin-top: 0.714em; font-size: 0.7em; }
a img, img a { cursor: pointer; }
pre.md-meta-block { font-size: 0.8rem; min-height: 0.8rem; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(204, 204, 204); display: block; overflow-x: hidden; }
p > .md-image:only-child:not(.md-img-error) img, p > img:only-child { display: block; margin: auto; }
p > .md-image:only-child { display: inline-block; width: 100%; }
#write .MathJax_Display { margin: 0.8em 0px 0px; }
.md-math-block { width: 100%; }
.md-math-block:not(:empty)::after { display: none; }
[contenteditable="true"]:active, [contenteditable="true"]:focus, [contenteditable="false"]:active, [contenteditable="false"]:focus { outline: 0px; box-shadow: none; }
.md-task-list-item { position: relative; list-style-type: none; }
.task-list-item.md-task-list-item { padding-left: 0px; }
.md-task-list-item > input { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin-left: -1.2em; margin-top: calc(1em - 10px); border: none; }
.math { font-size: 1rem; }
.md-toc { min-height: 3.58rem; position: relative; font-size: 0.9rem; border-radius: 10px; }
.md-toc-content { position: relative; margin-left: 0px; }
.md-toc-content::after, .md-toc::after { display: none; }
.md-toc-item { display: block; color: rgb(65, 131, 196); }
.md-toc-item a { text-decoration: none; }
.md-toc-inner:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.md-toc-inner { display: inline-block; cursor: pointer; }
.md-toc-h1 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; }
.md-toc-h2 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 2em; }
.md-toc-h3 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 4em; }
.md-toc-h4 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 6em; }
.md-toc-h5 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 8em; }
.md-toc-h6 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 10em; }
@media screen and (max-width: 48em) {
.md-toc-h3 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 3.5em; }
.md-toc-h4 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 5em; }
.md-toc-h5 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 6.5em; }
.md-toc-h6 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 8em; }
}
a.md-toc-inner { font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; }
.footnote-line a:not(.reversefootnote) { color: inherit; }
.md-attr { display: none; }
.md-fn-count::after { content: "."; }
code, pre, samp, tt { font-family: sans-serif; }
kbd { margin: 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; font-size: 0.8em; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(173, 179, 185); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgba(12, 13, 14, 0.2) 0px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0px 2px inset; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: middle; }
.md-comment { color: rgb(162, 127, 3); opacity: 0.8; font-family: sans-serif; }
code { text-align: left; vertical-align: initial; }
a.md-print-anchor { white-space: pre !important; border-width: initial !important; border-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; display: inline-block !important; position: absolute !important; width: 1px !important; right: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; background: 0px 0px !important; text-decoration: initial !important; text-shadow: initial !important; }
.md-inline-math .MathJax_SVG .noError { display: none !important; }
.html-for-mac .inline-math-svg .MathJax_SVG { vertical-align: 0.2px; }
.md-math-block .MathJax_SVG_Display { text-align: center; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-indent: 0px; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-height: 0px; min-width: 100%; width: auto; overflow-y: hidden; display: block !important; }
.MathJax_SVG_Display, .md-inline-math .MathJax_SVG_Display { width: auto; margin: inherit; display: inline-block !important; }
.MathJax_SVG .MJX-monospace { font-family: sans-serif; }
.MathJax_SVG .MJX-sans-serif { font-family: sans-serif; }
.MathJax_SVG { display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; zoom: 90%; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
.MathJax_SVG * { transition: none 0s ease 0s; }
.MathJax_SVG_Display svg { vertical-align: middle !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-top: 0px !important; }
.os-windows.monocolor-emoji .md-emoji { font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol", sans-serif; }
.md-diagram-panel > svg { max-width: 100%; }
[lang="flow"] svg, [lang="mermaid"] svg { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
[lang="mermaid"] .node text { font-size: 1rem; }
table tr th { border-bottom: 0px; }
video { max-width: 100%; display: block; margin: 0px auto; }
iframe { max-width: 100%; width: 100%; border: none; }
.highlight td, .highlight tr { border: 0px; }
svg[id^="mermaidChart"] { line-height: 1em; }
mark { background: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.md-html-inline .md-plain, .md-html-inline strong, mark .md-inline-math, mark strong { color: inherit; }
mark .md-meta { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); opacity: 0.3 !important; }
.CodeMirror { height: auto; }
.CodeMirror.cm-s-inner { background: inherit; }
.CodeMirror-scroll { overflow: auto hidden; z-index: 3; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-filler, .CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.CodeMirror-gutters { border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); background: inherit; white-space: nowrap; }
.CodeMirror-linenumber { padding: 0px 3px 0px 5px; text-align: right; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-keyword { color: rgb(119, 0, 136); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-atom, .cm-s-inner.cm-atom { color: rgb(34, 17, 153); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-number { color: rgb(17, 102, 68); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-def { color: rgb(0, 0, 255); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable-2 { color: rgb(0, 85, 170); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable-3 { color: rgb(0, 136, 85); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-string { color: rgb(170, 17, 17); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-property { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-operator { color: rgb(152, 26, 26); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-comment, .cm-s-inner.cm-comment { color: rgb(170, 85, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-string-2 { color: rgb(255, 85, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-meta { color: rgb(85, 85, 85); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-qualifier { color: rgb(85, 85, 85); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-builtin { color: rgb(51, 0, 170); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-bracket { color: rgb(153, 153, 119); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-tag { color: rgb(17, 119, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-attribute { color: rgb(0, 0, 204); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-header, .cm-s-inner.cm-header { color: rgb(0, 0, 255); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-quote, .cm-s-inner.cm-quote { color: rgb(0, 153, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-hr, .cm-s-inner.cm-hr { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-link, .cm-s-inner.cm-link { color: rgb(0, 0, 204); }
.cm-negative { color: rgb(221, 68, 68); }
.cm-positive { color: rgb(34, 153, 34); }
.cm-header, .cm-strong { font-weight: 700; }
.cm-del { text-decoration: line-through; }
.cm-em { font-style: italic; }
.cm-link { text-decoration: underline; }
.cm-error { color: red; }
.cm-invalidchar { color: red; }
.cm-constant { color: rgb(38, 139, 210); }
.cm-defined { color: rgb(181, 137, 0); }
div.CodeMirror span.CodeMirror-matchingbracket { color: rgb(0, 255, 0); }
div.CodeMirror span.CodeMirror-nonmatchingbracket { color: rgb(255, 34, 34); }
.cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-activeline-background { background: inherit; }
.CodeMirror { position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-scroll { height: 100%; outline: 0px; position: relative; box-sizing: content-box; background: inherit; }
.CodeMirror-sizer { position: relative; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-filler, .CodeMirror-hscrollbar, .CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler, .CodeMirror-vscrollbar { position: absolute; z-index: 6; display: none; }
.CodeMirror-vscrollbar { right: 0px; top: 0px; overflow: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-hscrollbar { bottom: 0px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler { right: 0px; bottom: 0px; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-filler { left: 0px; bottom: 0px; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; padding-bottom: 30px; z-index: 3; }
.CodeMirror-gutter { white-space: normal; height: 100%; box-sizing: content-box; padding-bottom: 30px; margin-bottom: -32px; display: inline-block; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper { position: absolute; z-index: 4; background: 0px 0px !important; border: none !important; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-background { position: absolute; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; z-index: 4; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-elt { position: absolute; cursor: default; z-index: 4; }
.CodeMirror-lines { cursor: text; }
.CodeMirror pre { border-radius: 0px; border-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: normal; color: inherit; z-index: 2; position: relative; overflow: visible; }
.CodeMirror-wrap pre { overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: normal; }
.CodeMirror-code pre { border-right: 30px solid transparent; width: fit-content; }
.CodeMirror-wrap .CodeMirror-code pre { border-right: none; width: auto; }
.CodeMirror-linebackground { position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; z-index: 0; }
.CodeMirror-linewidget { position: relative; z-index: 2; overflow: auto; }
.CodeMirror-wrap .CodeMirror-scroll { overflow-x: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-measure { position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; visibility: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-measure pre { position: static; }
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { position: absolute; visibility: hidden; border-right: none; width: 0px; }
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-focused div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: inherit; }
.cm-searching { background: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.4); }
@media print {
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: hidden; }
}
:root {
--side-bar-bg-color: #efefef;
--control-text-color: #777;
--primary-color: #393894;
--primary-btn-border-color: #393894;
--active-file-bg-color: #eaeaea;
--active-file-text-color: inherit;
--active-file-border-color: #393894;
--item-hover-text-color: #393894;
}
html {
font-size: .925rem;
}
body {
background: none;
font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
color: #2e2e2e;
line-height: 1.6;
height: 100%;
}
#write {
max-width: 990px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 30px;
padding-bottom: 100px;
position: static;
width: 100%;
}
#write>ul:first-child,
#write>ol:first-child {
margin-top: 30px;
}
a {
color: #1b69b6;
}
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
position: relative;
margin-top: 1rem;
margin-bottom: 1rem;
font-weight: bold;
line-height: 1.4;
cursor: text;
}
h1:hover a.anchor,
h2:hover a.anchor,
h3:hover a.anchor,
h4:hover a.anchor,
h5:hover a.anchor,
h6:hover a.anchor {
text-decoration: none;
}
h1 tt,
h1 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h2 tt,
h2 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h3 tt,
h3 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h4 tt,
h4 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h5 tt,
h5 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h6 tt,
h6 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h1 {
padding-bottom: .3em;
font-size: 2.25em;
line-height: 1.2;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
h2 {
padding-bottom: .3em;
font-size: 1.75em;
line-height: 1.225;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
h3 {
font-size: 1.5em;
line-height: 1.43;
}
h4 {
font-size: 1.25em;
}
h5 {
font-size: 1em;
}
h6 {
font-size: 1em;
color: #777;
}
p,
blockquote,
ul,
ol,
dl,
table {
margin: 0.8em 0;
}
ul li,
ol li {
line-height: 1.2;
}
li>ol,
li>ul {
margin: 0 0;
}
hr {
height: 2px;
padding: 0;
margin: 16px 0;
background-color: #e7e7e7;
border: 0 none;
overflow: hidden;
box-sizing: content-box;
}
li p.first {
display: inline-block;
}
ul,
ol {
padding-left: 30px;
}
ul:first-child,
ol:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
}
ul:last-child,
ol:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
blockquote {
border-left: 4px solid #dfe2e5;
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 13px;
padding: 0 15px;
color: #707070;
}
blockquote blockquote {
font-family: sans-serif;
padding-right: 0;
}
table {
font-size: .875rem;
padding: 0;
word-break: initial;
}
table tr {
border-top: 1px solid #dfdfdf;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
thead {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
}
table tr th {
font-weight: bold;
border: 1px solid #dfdfdf;
border-bottom: 0;
border-bottom: solid 2px #ccc;
margin: 0;
padding: 10px 16px;
}
table tr td {
border: 1px solid #dfe2e5;
margin: 0;
padding: 10px 16px;
}
table tr th:first-child,
table tr td:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
}
table tr th:last-child,
table tr td:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
.CodeMirror-lines {
padding: 4px 0;
}
.code-tooltip {
box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0, 28, 36, .3);
border-top: 1px solid #eef2f2;
}
.md-fences,
/* code, */
tt {
border-radius: 3px;
color: #b9bcba;
padding: 0;
font-size: 0.9em;
}
code {
padding: 2px 4px;
color: #c0341d;
background-color: #fbe5e1;
border-radius: 4px;
}
.md-fences {
margin-bottom: 15px;
margin-top: 15px;
padding-top: 8px;
padding-bottom: 6px;
}
.md-task-list-item>input {
margin-left: -1.3em;
}
@media print {
html {
font-size: 13px;
}
table,
pre {
page-break-inside: avoid;
}
pre {
word-wrap: break-word;
}
}
.md-fences {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
}
#write pre.md-meta-block {
padding: 1rem;
font-size: 85%;
line-height: 1.45;
background-color: #f7f7f7;
border: 0;
border-radius: 3px;
color: #777777;
margin-top: 0 !important;
}
.mathjax-block>.code-tooltip {
bottom: .375rem;
}
.md-mathjax-midline {
background: #fafafa;
}
#write>h3.md-focus:before {
left: -1.5625rem;
top: .375rem;
}
#write>h4.md-focus:before {
left: -1.5625rem;
top: .285714286rem;
}
#write>h5.md-focus:before {
left: -1.5625rem;
top: .285714286rem;
}
#write>h6.md-focus:before {
left: -1.5625rem;
top: .285714286rem;
}
.md-image>.md-meta {
border-radius: 3px;
padding: 2px 0px 0px 4px;
font-size: 0.9em;
color: inherit;
}
.md-tag {
color: #a7a7a7;
opacity: 1;
}
.md-toc {
margin-top: 20px;
padding-bottom: 20px;
}
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border-bottom: none;
font-weight: normal;
}
#typora-sidebar .sidebar-tabs {
font-family: 'Open Sans' !important;
border-bottom: 1px solid #dfdfdf;
font-weight: bold;
}
#typora-sidebar .file-list-item-file-name {
font-family: 'Open Sans';
font-weight: bold;
}
#typora-sidebar .file-list-item-summary,
#typora-sidebar .ty-search-item-line {
font-family: 'Open Sans';
}
#typora-sidebar #outline-content .outline-h1>.outline-item {
font-family: 'Open Sans';
}
#typora-sidebar .file-tree-node.file-library-file-node.active .file-node-background,
#typora-sidebar .file-list-item.file-library-file-node.active {
border-left: 4px solid #393894;
}
.file-library-node:not(.file-node-root):focus>.file-node-content {
outline: none;
}
#typora-sidebar .file-list-item.file-library-file-node:hover {
background: #f1f1f1;
}
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padding: 0;
}
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color: #2a2971;
}
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border: 0;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
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color: #707070;
margin-right: 8px;
}
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color: #2a2971;
}
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content: '';
display: inline-block;
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content: '';
display: inline-block;
height: 20px;
width: 20px;
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content: '';
display: inline-block;
height: 20px;
width: 20px;
}
.file-library-node.file-tree-node {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
.file-node-background {
padding: 25px 10px;
}
.file-node-content {
padding: 15px 5px;
}
.file-node-content:hover {
cursor: pointer;
}
.active .file-node-content {
font-weight: bold;
}
#typora-quick-open {
border: 1px solid #ddd;
background-color: #f8f8f8;
}
#typora-quick-open-item {
background-color: #FAFAFA;
border-color: #FEFEFE #e5e5e5 #e5e5e5 #eee;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 1px;
}
/** focus mode */
.on-focus-mode blockquote {
border-left-color: rgba(85, 85, 85, 0.12);
}
header,
.context-menu,
.megamenu-content,
footer {
font-family: "Open Sans", "Arial", sans-serif;
}
.megamenu-opened header {
background-image: none;
}
#typora-sidebar #ty-sidebar-footer {
background-color: #f9f9f9 !important;
border-top: 1px solid #dfdfdf;
}
.megamenu-menu-header {
border-bottom: 1px solid #16161a;
}
.megamenu-menu-list li:not(.saved) a:not(.active):hover,
.megamenu-menu-list li a.active {
background: #101010 !important;
}
.file-node-content:hover .file-node-icon,
.file-node-content:hover .file-node-open-state {
visibility: visible;
}
.mac-seamless-mode #typora-sidebar {
background-color: #f9f9f9;
font-weight: 100;
}
.md-lang {
color: #b4654d;
}
.html-for-mac .context-menu {
--item-hover-bg-color: #E6F0FE;
}
#md-notification .btn {
border: 0;
}
.dropdown-menu .divider {
border-color: #e5e5e5;
}
.ty-preferences .window-content {
background-color: #fafafa;
}
.ty-preferences .nav-group-item.active {
color: white;
background: #999;
}
/* CodeMirror Dracula theme */
.cm-s-inner {
border: 1px solid var(--accent-color) !important;
border-radius: .25rem;
font-family: sans-serif;
}
.cm-s-inner.CodeMirror,
.cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-gutters {
background-color: #212425 !important;
color: #f8f8f2 !important;
border: none;
}
.CodeMirror {
height: 300px;
height: auto;
}
.CodeMirror-lines {
padding: 4px 0;
/* Vertical padding around content */
}
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor {
border-left: 1px solid green;
z-index: 3;
}
.cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-gutters {
background-color: #0d0e0f !important;
border-right: 1px solid #444;
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<h1><a name="how-to-code-a-finite-state-machine" class="md-header-anchor"></a>
<span>How to code a Finite State Machine</span></h1><p><span>
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This page wants to show an easy procedure to overcome the pain of implementing in whatever language you want a Finite State Machine.</span></p><h2><a name="simple-example" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Simple example</span></h2><p><span>Let's take a simple state machine:</span></p><iframe height="800" scrolling="no" src="./two_states.html" frameborder="no" allowtransparency="false" style="width: 100%; height: 300px"></iframe><p><span>The state machine can be always represented using a matrix form:</span></p><figure><table><thead><tr><th style='text-align:center;' ><span>origin\destination</span></th><th style='text-align:center;' ><span>state 0</span></th><th style='text-align:center;' ><span>state 1</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style='text-align:center;' ><span>state 0</span></td><td style='text-align:center;' ><span>--</span></td><td style='text-align:center;' ><span>transition 1 = f01()</span></td></tr><tr><td style='text-align:center;' ><span>state 1</span></td><td style='text-align:center;' ><span>transition 2 = f10()</span></td><td style='text-align:center;' ><span>--</span></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p> </p><p><span>A state machine has always a set of inputs and outputs. These includes the variable that are used for checking the transitions and the variables changes in the various states.</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="js"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="js"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 4px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">inputs</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> {</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-property">switch_value</span> : <span class="cm-meta">...</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 71px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 71px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>the state machine function has to keep in memory always the last status.</span></p><blockquote><p><span>!!! At the first FSM function call the last status is the default value (in the above scheme is state 0)</span></p></blockquote><p><span>Since we defined the state machine in matrix form we can say that the </span><code>last_status</code><span> corresponds to the matrix row index.</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="js"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="js"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 4px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">last_status</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span>;</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 29px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 29px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>For the sake of convenience the </span><code>last_status</code><span> can be integrated in the inputs.</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="js"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="js"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 4px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">inputs</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> {</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-property">switch_value</span> : <span class="cm-meta">...</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">last_status</span> : <span class="cm-number">0</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 92px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 92px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span> Since we change the state we have inside the outputs also the new state:</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="js"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="js"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 4px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">outputs</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> {</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-property">output_value</span> : <span class="cm-atom">null</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-property">new_status</span> : <span class="cm-atom">null</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 92px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 92px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>A set of parameters could be also present:</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="js"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="js"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 4px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">parameters</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> {</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-property">value_threshold</span> : <span class="cm-number">0.5</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 71px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 71px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>Each state acts on the outputs. For example:</span></p><ul><li><span>State 0 : </span><code>output_value = 0;</code></li><li><span>State 1 : </span><code>output_value = 1;</code></li></ul><p><span>For each state we can define the function associated that is executed when we enter the state:</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="js"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="js"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 4px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">function</span> <span class="cm-def">f0</span>(){</span></pre></div><div class="" style="position: relative;"><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">output_value</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span>;</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text=""></span></span></pre><div class="" style="position: relative;"><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">function</span> <span class="cm-def">f1</span>(){</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">output_value</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">1</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 155px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 155px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>For associating the function to the state we can build an array of function references that matches the state "column" array:</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="js"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="js"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 4px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">statefun_array</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> [<span class="cm-variable">fA</span>,<span class="cm-variable">fB</span>];</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 29px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 29px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>Let's define the transition function. These function shall return always a </span><code>bool</code><span> in order to describe if the transition is activated or not. For example:</span></p><ul><li><p><span>transition 1 : is a function of </span><code>switch_value</code><span> :</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="js"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="js"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 4px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">function</span> <span class="cm-def">f01</span>(<span class="cm-def">switch_value</span>){</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">return</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">switch_value</span> <span class="cm-operator">></span> <span class="cm-variable">parameters</span>.<span class="cm-property">value_threshold</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 53px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 53px;"></div></div></div></pre></li><li><p><span>transition 2 : is a function similar to the previous:</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="js"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="js"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 4px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">function</span> <span class="cm-def">f10</span>(<span class="cm-def">switch_value</span>){</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">return</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">switch_value</span> <span class="cm-operator"><=</span> <span class="cm-variable">parameters</span>.<span class="cm-property">value_threshold</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 53px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 53px;"></div></div></div></pre></li></ul><p> </p><p><span>Now we have to associate each transition to the states. We do by following the matrix we defined before:</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="js"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="js"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 4px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">transition_matrix</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> [[<span class="cm-atom">null</span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>,<span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-variable">f01</span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>],</span></pre></div><div class="" style="position: relative;"><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span> [<span class="cm-variable">f10</span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>,<span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-atom">null</span>]];</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 52px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 52px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>Now we can write the state machine main function:</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="js" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="js"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 4px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">function</span> <span class="cm-def">fsm_step</span>(<span class="cm-def">inputs</span>,<span class="cm-def">parameters</span>,<span class="cm-def">transition_matrix</span>,<span class="cm-def">statefun_array</span>){</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">outputs</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-meta">...</span> ;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">num_states</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">transition_matrix</span>[<span class="cm-variable-2">inputs</span>.<span class="cm-property">last_status</span>].<span class="cm-property">length</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">for</span> (<span class="cm-keyword">let</span> <span class="cm-def">i</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span>; <span class="cm-variable-2">i</span> <span class="cm-operator"><</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">num_states</span>; <span class="cm-variable-2">i</span><span class="cm-operator">++</span>) {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">if</span>(<span class="cm-variable-2">transition_matrix</span>[<span class="cm-variable-2">inputs</span>.<span class="cm-property">last_status</span>][<span class="cm-variable-2">i</span>]<span class="cm-operator">!==</span><span class="cm-atom">null</span>){</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">if</span> (<span class="cm-variable-2">transition_matrix</span>[<span class="cm-variable-2">inputs</span>.<span class="cm-property">last_status</span>][<span class="cm-variable-2">i</span>](<span class="cm-variable-2">inputs</span>.<span class="cm-property">switch_value</span>)){</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable-2">statefun_array</span>[<span class="cm-variable-2">i</span>](); <span class="cm-comment">//evaluate function at state entrance</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable-2">outputs</span>.<span class="cm-property">new_status</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">i</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" class="cm-tab-wrap-hack" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">return</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">outputs</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 346px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 346px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><p><span>To run the state machine :</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="js" style="break-inside: unset;"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="js"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 4px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// --------------------------------------------------</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// fsm execeution</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text=""></span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">/*someone changes the inputs. for example trought a GUI </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">$('button').click(function(){ </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" class="cm-tab-wrap-hack" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>inputs.switch_value += 0.1;});</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">*/</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text=""></span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-variable">fsm_execute</span>();</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text=""></span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// --------------------------------------------------</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// variable declaration</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">inputs</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-property">switch_value</span> : <span class="cm-number">0.2</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-property">last_status</span> : <span class="cm-number">0</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">parameters</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-property">value_threshold</span> : <span class="cm-number">0.5</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// it is a good practice to always initialize the output</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">outputs</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-property">output_value</span> : <span class="cm-number">0</span>,</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-property">new_status</span> : <span class="cm-number">0</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><div class="" style="position: relative;"><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">transition_matrix</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> [[<span class="cm-atom">null</span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>,<span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-variable">f01</span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>],</span></pre></div><div class="" style="position: relative;"><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span> [<span class="cm-variable">f10</span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>,<span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-atom">null</span>]];</span></pre></div><div class="" style="position: relative;"><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">statefun_array</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> [<span class="cm-variable">f0</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f1</span>];</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text=""></span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// --------------------------------------------------</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">// functions definition</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text=""></span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">async</span> <span class="cm-keyword">function</span> <span class="cm-def">fsm_execute</span>(){</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">while</span>(<span class="cm-atom">true</span>){</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">outputs</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable">fsm_step</span>(<span class="cm-variable">inputs</span>,<span class="cm-variable">parameters</span>,<span class="cm-variable">transition_matrix</span>,<span class="cm-variable">statefun_array</span>);</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-variable">inputs</span>.<span class="cm-property">last_status</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable">outputs</span>.<span class="cm-property">new_status</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text=""></span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">function</span> <span class="cm-def">fsm_step</span>(<span class="cm-def">inputs</span>,<span class="cm-def">parameters</span>,<span class="cm-def">transition_matrix</span>,<span class="cm-def">statefun_array</span>){</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">outputs</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-meta">...</span> ;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">num_states</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">transition_matrix</span>[<span class="cm-variable-2">inputs</span>.<span class="cm-property">last_status</span>].<span class="cm-property">length</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> </span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">for</span> (<span class="cm-keyword">let</span> <span class="cm-def">i</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span>; <span class="cm-variable-2">i</span> <span class="cm-operator"><</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">num_states</span>; <span class="cm-variable-2">i</span><span class="cm-operator">++</span>) {</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">if</span>(<span class="cm-variable-2">transition_matrix</span>[<span class="cm-variable-2">inputs</span>.<span class="cm-property">last_status</span>][<span class="cm-variable-2">i</span>]<span class="cm-operator">!==</span><span class="cm-atom">null</span>){</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">if</span> (<span class="cm-variable-2">transition_matrix</span>[<span class="cm-variable-2">inputs</span>.<span class="cm-property">last_status</span>][<span class="cm-variable-2">i</span>](<span class="cm-variable-2">inputs</span>.<span class="cm-property">switch_value</span>)){</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable-2">statefun_array</span>[<span class="cm-variable-2">i</span>](); <span class="cm-comment">//evaluate function at state entrance</span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable-2">outputs</span>.<span class="cm-property">new_status</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">i</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> }</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" class="cm-tab-wrap-hack" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span></span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">return</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">outputs</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text=""></span></span></pre><div class="" style="position: relative;"><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">function</span> <span class="cm-def">f0</span>(){</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">output_value</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">0</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text=""></span></span></pre><div class="" style="position: relative;"><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">function</span> <span class="cm-def">f1</span>(){</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-variable">output_value</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> <span class="cm-number">1</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text=""></span></span></pre><div class="" style="position: relative;"><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">function</span> <span class="cm-def">f10</span>(<span class="cm-def">switch_value</span>){</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">return</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">switch_value</span> <span class="cm-operator"><=</span> <span class="cm-variable">parameters</span>.<span class="cm-property">value_threshold</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span cm-text=""></span></span></pre><div class="" style="position: relative;"><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">function</span> <span class="cm-def">f01</span>(<span class="cm-def">switch_value</span>){</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-keyword">return</span> <span class="cm-variable-2">switch_value</span> <span class="cm-operator">></span> <span class="cm-variable">parameters</span>.<span class="cm-property">value_threshold</span>;</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;">}</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 1484px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 1484px;"></div></div></div></pre><p> </p><h2><a name="why-should-we-bother-to-do-all-of-this" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Why should we bother to do all of this?</span></h2><p><span>In the above example an </span><code>if else</code><span> would have been the best solution but when the problem scales up, a spaghetti code made of </span><code>if</code><span> and </span><code>switch</code><span> instruction is not desirable.</span></p><p><span>If we take for example this 10 state FSM, in which every state is connected to the others:</span></p><iframe height="800px" scrolling="no" src="./ten_states.html" frameborder="no" allowtransparency="false" style="width: 100%; height=400px"></iframe><p> </p><p><span>This FSM can be easily described with the state matric form:</span></p><pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="js"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="js"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 4px; left: 4px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><pre><span>xxxxxxxxxx</span></pre></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation" style=""><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">transition_matrix</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> [[<span class="cm-atom">null</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f01</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f02</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f03</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f04</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f05</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f06</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f07</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f08</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f09</span>],</span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span><span class="cm-tab" role="presentation" cm-text=" "> </span>[<span class="cm-variable">f10</span>,<span class="cm-atom">null</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f12</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f13</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f14</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f15</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f16</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f17</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f18</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f19</span>],</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> [<span class="cm-variable">f20</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f21</span>,<span class="cm-atom">null</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f23</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f24</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f25</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f26</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f27</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f28</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f29</span>],</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> [<span class="cm-variable">f30</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f31</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f32</span>,<span class="cm-atom">null</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f34</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f35</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f36</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f37</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f38</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f39</span>],</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> [<span class="cm-variable">f40</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f41</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f42</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f43</span>,<span class="cm-atom">null</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f45</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f46</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f47</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f48</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f49</span>],</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> [<span class="cm-variable">f50</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f51</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f52</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f53</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f54</span>,<span class="cm-atom">null</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f56</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f57</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f58</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f59</span>],</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> [<span class="cm-variable">f60</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f61</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f62</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f63</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f64</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f65</span>,<span class="cm-atom">null</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f67</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f68</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f69</span>],</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> [<span class="cm-variable">f70</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f71</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f72</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f73</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f74</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f75</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f76</span>,<span class="cm-atom">null</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f78</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f79</span>],</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> [<span class="cm-variable">f80</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f81</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f82</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f83</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f84</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f85</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f86</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f87</span>,<span class="cm-atom">null</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f89</span>],</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> [<span class="cm-variable">f90</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f91</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f92</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f93</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f94</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f95</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f96</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f97</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f98</span>,<span class="cm-atom">null</span>]];</span></pre><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-keyword">var</span> <span class="cm-def">statefun_array</span> <span class="cm-operator">=</span> [<span class="cm-variable">f0</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f1</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f2</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f3</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f4</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f5</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f6</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f7</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f8</span>,<span class="cm-variable">f9</span>];</span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 240px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 240px;"></div></div></div></pre><p><span>And by using the same </span><code>fsm_step</code><span> and </span><code>fsm_execute()</code><span> , with appropriate inputs,outputs and parameters and all the function defined; the state machine is implemented without caring to handle branches.</span></p><h2><a name="final-considerations" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>Final considerations</span></h2><p><span>This is a simplified implementation model of a FSM. But can be extended. </span></p><p><span>For example if we need timers in states an additional matrix that saves the </span><code>current_time</code><span> for each evaluated state is needed in order to compare the elapsed time from the state activation and the running time for comparisons.</span></p><p> </p></div>
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