diff --git a/packages/virtualized-lists/Lists/VirtualizeUtils.js b/packages/virtualized-lists/Lists/VirtualizeUtils.js
index 4e5c6877fc77..f59bf3c30749 100644
--- a/packages/virtualized-lists/Lists/VirtualizeUtils.js
+++ b/packages/virtualized-lists/Lists/VirtualizeUtils.js
@@ -58,6 +58,50 @@ export function elementsThatOverlapOffsets(
   return result;
 }
 
+/**
+ * The mounted cells in `range` that cover the viewport, found from their
+ * measured frames, if the viewport starts in one of them.
+ */
+function mountedCellsInViewport(
+  visibleBegin: number,
+  visibleEnd: number,
+  range: {first: number, last: number, ...},
+  props: CellMetricProps,
+  listMetrics: ListMetricsAggregator,
+  zoomScale: number,
+): ?{first: number, last: number} {
+  const lastIndex = Math.min(range.last, props.getItemCount(props.data) - 1);
+  let left = Math.max(0, range.first);
+  let right = lastIndex;
+  while (left <= right) {
+    const mid = left + Math.floor((right - left) / 2);
+    const frame = listMetrics.getCellMetricsApprox(mid, props);
+    if (visibleBegin < frame.offset * zoomScale) {
+      right = mid - 1;
+    } else if (visibleBegin >= (frame.offset + frame.length) * zoomScale) {
+      left = mid + 1;
+    } else {
+      if (!frame.isMounted) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      let last = mid;
+      while (last < lastIndex) {
+        const next = listMetrics.getCellMetrics(last + 1, props);
+        if (
+          next == null ||
+          !next.isMounted ||
+          next.offset * zoomScale >= visibleEnd
+        ) {
+          break;
+        }
+        last++;
+      }
+      return {first: mid, last};
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
 /**
  * Computes the number of elements in the `next` range that are new compared to the `prev` range.
  * Handy for calculating how many new items will be rendered when the render window changes so we
@@ -156,6 +200,36 @@ export function computeWindowedRenderLimits(
     listMetrics,
     zoomScale,
   );
+  // An unmeasured cell is estimated from the current average cell length, but
+  // a spacer keeps the size it was rendered with. Once the average changes,
+  // the estimates for the cells in a spacer can overlap the rendered cells
+  // after it, and the search can land on them instead: after a large prepend
+  // under maintainVisibleContentPosition, that unmounts the cells on screen.
+  // When the search disagrees with a mounted cell's measured frame about
+  // where the viewport starts, use the mounted cells that cover it.
+  const mounted = mountedCellsInViewport(
+    visibleBegin,
+    visibleEnd,
+    prev,
+    props,
+    listMetrics,
+    zoomScale,
+  );
+  if (
+    mounted != null &&
+    first !== mounted.first &&
+    // At a boundary the search picks the earlier cell.
+    first !== mounted.first - 1
+  ) {
+    first = mounted.first;
+    last = Math.max(last ?? mounted.last, mounted.last);
+    if (overscanFirst != null) {
+      overscanFirst = Math.min(overscanFirst, first);
+    }
+    if (overscanLast != null) {
+      overscanLast = Math.max(overscanLast, last);
+    }
+  }
   overscanFirst = overscanFirst == null ? 0 : overscanFirst;
   first = first == null ? Math.max(0, overscanFirst) : first;
   overscanLast = overscanLast == null ? itemCount - 1 : overscanLast;
diff --git a/packages/virtualized-lists/Lists/__tests__/VirtualizedList-test.js b/packages/virtualized-lists/Lists/__tests__/VirtualizedList-test.js
index e270af4649c9..08b1e16157d8 100644
--- a/packages/virtualized-lists/Lists/__tests__/VirtualizedList-test.js
+++ b/packages/virtualized-lists/Lists/__tests__/VirtualizedList-test.js
@@ -3048,6 +3048,98 @@ it('handles rapid prepends with coalesced scroll event (regression for #53542)',
   ).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
 });
 
+// Trigger: A large prepend at the top of the list. The prepended cells rendered above the spacer for the others
+// are taller than average, and their layouts change the average cell length before maintainVisibleContentPosition's
+// correction arrives. The spacer keeps its rendered size, but the estimates for its cells now overlap the window.
+// Expected: The window computed from the corrected offset keeps the cells on screen rendered.
+it('keeps the cells on screen when estimates for a spacer above them overlap them', async () => {
+  const items = generateItems(100);
+  const ITEM_HEIGHT = 10;
+  const PREPENDED_ITEM_HEIGHT = 100;
+
+  let component;
+  await act(() => {
+    component = create(
+      <VirtualizedList
+        initialNumToRender={2}
+        windowSize={1}
+        maintainVisibleContentPosition={{minIndexForVisible: 0}}
+        {...baseItemProps(items)}
+      />,
+    );
+  });
+  const instance = component.getInstance();
+  const layoutCells = (data, indices, offsetOf, height) => {
+    for (const i of indices) {
+      simulateCellLayout(component, data, i, {
+        width: 10,
+        height,
+        x: 0,
+        y: offsetOf(i),
+      });
+    }
+  };
+
+  await act(() => {
+    simulateLayout(component, {
+      viewport: {width: 10, height: 50},
+      content: {width: 10, height: items.length * ITEM_HEIGHT},
+    });
+    layoutCells(items, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4], i => i * ITEM_HEIGHT, ITEM_HEIGHT);
+    performAllBatches();
+  });
+  await act(() => {
+    layoutCells(items, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4], i => i * ITEM_HEIGHT, ITEM_HEIGHT);
+    performAllBatches();
+  });
+  expect(instance.state.cellsAroundViewport).toEqual({first: 0, last: 4});
+
+  // Prepend 20 items. Cells 0 and 1 render for the initial region, then a
+  // spacer for cells 2-19 at the average, 18 * 10 = 180, then the window.
+  const newItems = [...generateItems(20, items.length), ...items];
+  await act(() => {
+    component.update(
+      <VirtualizedList
+        initialNumToRender={2}
+        windowSize={1}
+        maintainVisibleContentPosition={{minIndexForVisible: 0}}
+        {...baseItemProps(newItems)}
+      />,
+    );
+  });
+  expect(instance.state.cellsAroundViewport).toEqual({first: 20, last: 24});
+
+  // Cells 0 and 1 are 100 tall, so cell 20 (the old cell 0) is laid out at
+  // 2 * 100 + 180 = 380. Their layouts raise the average to 250 / 7, which
+  // puts the estimate for cell 10 at 357-393. Then the scroll event with the
+  // correction.
+  const offset = 2 * PREPENDED_ITEM_HEIGHT + 18 * ITEM_HEIGHT;
+  await act(() => {
+    simulateContentLayout(component, {
+      width: 10,
+      height: offset + items.length * ITEM_HEIGHT,
+    });
+    layoutCells(
+      newItems,
+      [0, 1],
+      i => i * PREPENDED_ITEM_HEIGHT,
+      PREPENDED_ITEM_HEIGHT,
+    );
+    layoutCells(
+      newItems,
+      [20, 21, 22, 23, 24],
+      i => offset + (i - 20) * ITEM_HEIGHT,
+      ITEM_HEIGHT,
+    );
+    simulateScroll(component, {x: 0, y: offset});
+    performAllBatches();
+  });
+
+  const {first, last} = instance.state.cellsAroundViewport;
+  expect(first).toBeLessThanOrEqual(20);
+  expect(last).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(24);
+});
+
 function generateItems(count, startKey = 0) {
   return Array(count)
     .fill()