diff --git a/cmd/agentop/tui/app.go b/cmd/agentop/tui/app.go
index b0de98b34..6a86879be 100644
--- a/cmd/agentop/tui/app.go
+++ b/cmd/agentop/tui/app.go
@@ -479,8 +479,9 @@ type model struct {
 	// version is the build agentop was started as, shown after its name on every title bar.
 	// Empty renders the bare name, which is what tests construct.
 	version string
-	// lastHarvest is when the most recent harvest was STARTED. Read by ONE caller: the sessions
-	// pane's backoff gate, which asks whether untitledBackoff has elapsed since then. The picker
+	// lastHarvest is when the most recent harvest was STARTED. Read by TWO callers: the sessions
+	// pane's backoff gate, which asks whether untitledBackoff has elapsed since then, and the
+	// timeline pane's gate for unlabeled subagents (timelineLabelHarvestEvery). The picker
 	// no longer has a cadence to measure — it harvests on arrival — so nothing there reads this.
 	//
 	// STAMPED BY EVERY PATH, THOUGH, INCLUDING THE ONES THAT NEVER READ IT, and that is a real
@@ -1635,7 +1636,7 @@ func (m *model) update(msg tea.Msg) (tea.Model, tea.Cmd) {
 
 	case timelineLoadedMsg:
 		m.handleTimelineLoaded(msg)
-		return m, nil
+		return m, m.harvestForTimeline()
 
 	case timelineTickMsg:
 		return m, m.handleTimelineTick(msg)
diff --git a/cmd/agentop/tui/timeline_pane.go b/cmd/agentop/tui/timeline_pane.go
index 0c6aca154..a442d491f 100644
--- a/cmd/agentop/tui/timeline_pane.go
+++ b/cmd/agentop/tui/timeline_pane.go
@@ -762,8 +762,46 @@ func axisLabels(lay tlLayout) string {
 	return strings.TrimRight(string(line[:min(len(line), w+8)]), " ")
 }
 
+// timelineLabelHarvestEvery is the shortest time between two harvests that the timeline pane
+// starts for subagents with no label.
+const timelineLabelHarvestEvery = 15 * time.Second
+
+// harvestedLabel is the description Claude Code wrote for a subagent with no spawn call on
+// the wire, or "". An agent that Claude Code's Workflow tool starts has no Agent tool call, so
+// the server can only label it "subagent <id>". Its meta file on disk holds the real label.
+func (m *model) harvestedLabel(a timeline.Agent) string {
+	if a.SpawnTool != "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return m.sessionsData[m.timeline.session].Subagents[a.ID].Description
+}
+
+func (m *model) timelineLabel(a timeline.Agent) string {
+	if l := m.harvestedLabel(a); l != "" {
+		return l
+	}
+	return a.Label
+}
+
+// harvestForTimeline starts a harvest when the timeline shows a subagent that has no label
+// yet. A workflow starts agents while its main transcript stays unchanged, so nothing else
+// starts a harvest during the run.
+func (m *model) harvestForTimeline() tea.Cmd {
+	if m.harvest == nil || m.harvesting || m.timeline.tl == nil || time.Since(m.lastHarvest) < timelineLabelHarvestEvery {
+		return nil
+	}
+	for _, a := range m.timeline.tl.Agents {
+		if a.SpawnTool == "" && a.ID != timeline.MainAgent && a.ID != timeline.UnseparatedAgent && m.harvestedLabel(a) == "" {
+			m.harvesting = true
+			m.lastHarvest = time.Now()
+			return harvestCmd(m.harvest)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (m *model) agentLine(r tlAgentRow, lay tlLayout) string {
-	label := r.agent.Label
+	label := m.timelineLabel(r.agent)
 	if r.depth > 0 {
 		label = strings.Repeat("  ", r.depth) + label
 	}
@@ -907,11 +945,12 @@ func (m *model) shortAgent(id string) string {
 	}
 	for _, a := range m.timeline.tl.Agents {
 		if a.ID == id {
-			l := []rune(a.Label)
+			label := m.timelineLabel(a)
+			l := []rune(label)
 			if len(l) > 14 {
 				return string(l[:13]) + "…"
 			}
-			return a.Label
+			return label
 		}
 	}
 	return id
diff --git a/cmd/agentop/tui/timeline_pane_test.go b/cmd/agentop/tui/timeline_pane_test.go
index 872b34e41..ea7b45fed 100644
--- a/cmd/agentop/tui/timeline_pane_test.go
+++ b/cmd/agentop/tui/timeline_pane_test.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rossoctl/cortex/cmd/agentop/tui/table"
 
 	"github.com/rossoctl/cortex/cmd/agentop/apiclient"
+	"github.com/rossoctl/cortex/core/observe/claude"
 	"github.com/rossoctl/cortex/core/pipeline"
 	"github.com/rossoctl/cortex/core/session"
 	"github.com/rossoctl/cortex/core/session/timeline"
@@ -1380,3 +1381,47 @@ func TestTimelineStrip_NamesTheTurnModel(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("strip = %q, want the turn's model named", strip)
 	}
 }
+
+// A workflow agent has no spawn call on the wire, so the server labels it "subagent <id>". The
+// pane uses the description Claude Code wrote to disk, and asks for a harvest while one is
+// missing. An agent that a spawn call names keeps its wire label.
+func TestTimeline_WorkflowAgentUsesHarvestedLabel(t *testing.T) {
+	m := timelineModel(t, 160, 40)
+	m.timeline.tl.Agents = append(m.timeline.tl.Agents,
+		timeline.Agent{ID: "wf1", Parent: timeline.MainAgent, Label: "subagent wf1"})
+	m.timeline.tl.Turns = append(m.timeline.tl.Turns,
+		timeline.Turn{Agent: "wf1", Start: tlAt(700), End: tlPtr(800), Finish: "end_turn", Seq: 25})
+	harvests := 0
+	m.harvest = func() (map[string]SessionMetadata, error) { harvests++; return nil, nil }
+
+	if !strings.Contains(stripANSI(m.renderTimeline()), "subagent wf1") {
+		t.Fatalf("no harvest yet: want the server's label")
+	}
+	cmd := m.harvestForTimeline()
+	if cmd == nil || !m.harvesting {
+		t.Fatalf("unlabeled agent: want a harvest, got cmd=%v harvesting=%v", cmd != nil, m.harvesting)
+	}
+	cmd()
+	if harvests != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("harvests = %d, want 1", harvests)
+	}
+	if m.harvestForTimeline() != nil {
+		t.Errorf("a harvest in flight: want no second one")
+	}
+
+	m.harvesting, m.lastHarvest = false, time.Time{}
+	m.sessionsData = map[string]SessionMetadata{"sess-1": {Subagents: map[string]claude.SubagentInfo{
+		"wf1": {AgentType: "workflow-subagent", Description: "implement T1: x"},
+		"a1":  {Description: "not the wire label"},
+	}}}
+	out := stripANSI(m.renderTimeline())
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "implement T1: x") || strings.Contains(out, "subagent wf1") {
+		t.Errorf("want the harvested label for wf1:\n%s", out)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "Survey the code") || strings.Contains(out, "not the wire label") {
+		t.Errorf("a spawned agent keeps its wire label:\n%s", out)
+	}
+	if m.harvestForTimeline() != nil {
+		t.Errorf("every agent labeled: want no harvest")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/core/observe/claude/harvest.go b/core/observe/claude/harvest.go
index c93ed29f6..8c4a07fc5 100644
--- a/core/observe/claude/harvest.go
+++ b/core/observe/claude/harvest.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"maps"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
@@ -460,6 +461,14 @@ func ReadSessions(configDir string, since map[string]SessionMetadata) (map[strin
 				// converging.
 				won[id] = st.ModTime()
 				delete(out, id)
+				// The subagent labels are re-read anyway. A workflow (Claude Code's Workflow
+				// tool) starts its agents without a write to the main transcript, so the
+				// mtime above does not move while new agents start. The meta files are small.
+				if subs := readSubagents(filepath.Join(projDir, id, "subagents")); !maps.Equal(subs, since[id].Subagents) {
+					kept := since[id]
+					kept.Subagents = subs
+					out[id] = kept
+				}
 				skipped++
 				continue
 			}
@@ -479,11 +488,8 @@ func ReadSessions(configDir string, since map[string]SessionMetadata) (map[strin
 				LogFile:        path,
 				LogModTime:     st.ModTime(),
 				// The subagents' labels live in a sibling DIRECTORY of the transcript
-				// (<id>/subagents), whose mtime the skip above knows nothing about. That
-				// is fine, because a session only gains a subagent by appending the Agent
-				// tool call that spawned it to the transcript — which moves the
-				// transcript's mtime and re-parses the session, meta files and all. A
-				// skipped session keeps the Subagents its `since` entry already carried.
+				// (<id>/subagents), whose mtime the skip above knows nothing about, so the
+				// skip re-reads them on its own.
 				Subagents: readSubagents(filepath.Join(projDir, id, "subagents")),
 			}
 		}
@@ -492,19 +498,31 @@ func ReadSessions(configDir string, since map[string]SessionMetadata) (map[strin
 }
 
 // readSubagents reads one session's subagents/agent-<id>.meta.json files into a map keyed
-// by the bare id. Nil when the directory is missing or holds nothing harvestable — a
-// session that never spawned a subagent, which is most of them, must not carry an empty
-// map the JSON would then spell out.
+// by the bare id. It also reads subagents/workflows/<run>/agent-<id>.meta.json, where
+// Claude Code puts the agents that its Workflow tool starts. Nil when the directory is
+// missing or holds nothing harvestable — a session that never spawned a subagent, which
+// is most of them, must not carry an empty map the JSON would then spell out.
 //
 // Best-effort per file, for the same reason titleFromTranscript is: one unparseable meta
 // file must not cost the other labels. The transcripts sitting beside the meta files are
 // deliberately not read — see SessionMetadata.Subagents.
 func readSubagents(dir string) map[string]SubagentInfo {
+	out := readSubagentDir(dir, nil)
+	runs, _ := os.ReadDir(filepath.Join(dir, "workflows"))
+	for _, r := range runs {
+		if r.IsDir() {
+			out = readSubagentDir(filepath.Join(dir, "workflows", r.Name()), out)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// readSubagentDir adds the agent-<id>.meta.json files in dir to out, and returns out.
+func readSubagentDir(dir string, out map[string]SubagentInfo) map[string]SubagentInfo {
 	entries, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil
+		return out
 	}
-	var out map[string]SubagentInfo
 	for _, e := range entries {
 		name := e.Name()
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(name, "agent-") || !strings.HasSuffix(name, ".meta.json") {
diff --git a/core/observe/claude/harvest_test.go b/core/observe/claude/harvest_test.go
index 13a29976b..1bedf998b 100644
--- a/core/observe/claude/harvest_test.go
+++ b/core/observe/claude/harvest_test.go
@@ -2995,6 +2995,45 @@ func TestHarvest_ReadsSubagentMetaFiles(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// The Workflow tool's agents keep their meta files in subagents/workflows/<run>/. They
+// start without a write to the main transcript, so an incremental harvest that skips the
+// unchanged transcript must still find an agent that started after the last harvest.
+func TestHarvest_ReadsWorkflowSubagentsWhenTranscriptIsUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
+	metadataHome(t)
+	cfg := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "claude")
+	proj := filepath.Join(cfg, "projects", "-p")
+	writeSessionTranscript(t, proj, "s1.jsonl", `{"type":"ai-title","aiTitle":"t"}`)
+	subs := filepath.Join(proj, "s1", "subagents")
+	writeSessionTranscript(t, subs, "agent-a1.meta.json", `{"description":"Agent tool child"}`)
+	run := filepath.Join(subs, "workflows", "wf_1")
+	writeSessionTranscript(t, run, "agent-b1.meta.json", `{"agentType":"workflow-subagent","description":"implement T1: x"}`)
+
+	if _, err := Harvest(Options{ConfigDir: cfg, Merge: true, Incremental: true}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	writeSessionTranscript(t, run, "agent-b2.meta.json", `{"description":"merge T1: x"}`)
+	res, err := Harvest(Options{ConfigDir: cfg, Merge: true, Incremental: true})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if res.Skipped != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Skipped = %d, want 1: the transcript did not change", res.Skipped)
+	}
+	got := readMetadataFile(t, res.Path)["s1"]
+	want := map[string]string{"a1": "Agent tool child", "b1": "implement T1: x", "b2": "merge T1: x"}
+	if len(got.Subagents) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("Subagents = %v, want %v", got.Subagents, want)
+	}
+	for id, d := range want {
+		if got.Subagents[id].Description != d {
+			t.Errorf("Subagents[%s] = %+v, want description %q", id, got.Subagents[id], d)
+		}
+	}
+	if got.Title != "t" {
+		t.Errorf("Title = %q, want the kept title", got.Title)
+	}
+}
+
 // A session with no subagents carries no Subagents map at all, so the JSON spells nothing
 // out for the sessions that have none — which is most of them.
 func TestHarvest_SessionWithoutSubagentsHasNoMap(t *testing.T) {