An opinionated guide to the best Python frameworks, libraries, tools, and resources.
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AI & ML
- AI and Agents
- Deep Learning
- Machine Learning
- Natural Language Processing
- Computer Vision
- Recommender Systems
Web Development
- Web Frameworks
- Web APIs
- Web Servers
- WebSocket
- Template Engines
- Web Asset Management
- Authentication
- Admin Panels
- CMS
- Static Site Generators
HTTP & Scraping
Database & Storage
Data & Science
Developer Tools
- Algorithms and Design Patterns
- Interactive Interpreter
- Code Analysis
- Testing
- Debugging Tools
- Build Tools
- Documentation
DevOps
- DevOps Tools
- Distributed Computing
- Task Queues
- Messaging
- Job Schedulers
- Logging
- Network Virtualization
CLI & GUI
Text & Documents
Media
Python Language
- Implementations
- Built-in Classes Enhancement
- Functional Programming
- Asynchronous Programming
- Date and Time
Python Toolchain
Security
Other
AI & ML
Libraries for building AI applications, LLM integrations, and autonomous agents.
- Agent Skills
58⭐4🍴django-ai-plugins) - Django backend agent skills for Django, DRF, Celery, and Django-specific code review.663⭐38🍴sentry-skills) - Python-focused engineering skills for code review, debugging, and backend workflows.4975⭐433🍴trailofbits-skills) - Python-friendly security skills for auditing, testing, and safer backend development. Also384⭐18🍴skills-curated).
- Orchestration
4485⭐610🍴ag2) - An open-source AgentOS for multi-agent orchestration and building agentic AI systems.57682⭐8702🍴autogen) - A programming framework for building agentic AI applications.1316⭐126🍴bub) - A lightweight, hook-first Python framework for channel-native agents that live alongside people.50549⭐6969🍴crewai) - A framework for orchestrating role-playing autonomous AI agents for collaborative task solving.34176⭐2869🍴dspy) - A framework for programming, not prompting, language models.131271⭐19905🍴hermes-agent) - An adaptive AI agent framework that grows with you.135700⭐22431🍴langchain) - Building applications with LLMs through composability.25827⭐3937🍴openai-agents) - OpenAI's framework for building and managing AI agents.2063⭐194🍴OpenChronicle) - Open-source, local-first memory for any tool-capable LLM agent.16819⭐2018🍴pydantic-ai) - A Python agent framework for building generative AI applications with structured schemas.65379⭐12648🍴TradingAgents) - A multi-agents LLM financial trading framework.
- Data Layer
12887⭐1036🍴instructor) - A library for extracting structured data from LLMs, powered by Pydantic.49115⭐7350🍴llama-index) - A data framework for your LLM application.54699⭐6185🍴mem0) - An intelligent memory layer for AI agents enabling personalized interactions.
- Pre-trained Models and Inference
33532⭐6964🍴diffusers) - A library that provides pre-trained diffusion models for generating and editing images, audio, and video.5135⭐642🍴mlx-lm) - Run and fine-tune large language models on Apple Silicon with MLX.27006⭐5676🍴sglang) - A high-performance serving framework for large language models and multimodal models.160215⭐33100🍴transformers) - A framework that lets you easily use pre-trained transformer models for NLP, vision, and audio tasks.63530⭐5575🍴unsloth) - A library for faster LLM fine-tuning and training with reduced memory usage.78945⭐16380🍴vllm) - A high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine for LLMs.
- Speech
98834⭐12136🍴openai-whisper) - A general-purpose automatic speech recognition model trained on 680k hours of multilingual and multitask supervised data.46394⭐5142🍴vibevoice) - A family of open-source voice AI models from Microsoft for text-to-speech and long-form speech recognition.17233⭐2048🍴voxcpm) - A tokenizer-free text-to-speech foundation model for multilingual speech generation and voice cloning.
Frameworks for Neural Networks and Deep Learning. Also see 28012⭐ 6295🍴 awesome-deep-learning).
35539⭐3560🍴jax) - A library for high-performance numerical computing with automatic differentiation and JIT compilation.64056⭐19760🍴keras) - A high-level deep learning library with support for JAX, TensorFlow, and PyTorch backends.31106⭐3717🍴pytorch-lightning) - Deep learning framework to train, deploy, and ship AI products Lightning fast.99602⭐27646🍴pytorch) - Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration.13202⭐2117🍴stable-baselines3) - PyTorch implementations of Stable Baselines (deep) reinforcement learning algorithms.194981⭐75339🍴tensorflow) - The most popular Deep Learning framework created by Google.
Libraries for Machine Learning. Also see 72404⭐ 15442🍴 awesome-machine-learning).
8926⭐1287🍴catboost) - A fast, scalable, high performance gradient boosting on decision trees library.2233⭐342🍴feature_engine) - sklearn compatible API with the widest toolset for feature engineering and selection.7492⭐2032🍴h2o) - Open Source Fast Scalable Machine Learning Platform.18314⭐4012🍴lightgbm) - A fast, distributed, high performance gradient boosting framework.39094⭐6192🍴mindsdb) - MindsDB is an open source AI layer for existing databases that allows you to effortlessly develop, train and deploy state-of-the-art machine learning models using standard queries.3264⭐1125🍴pgmpy) - A Python library for probabilistic graphical models and Bayesian networks.65967⭐26992🍴scikit-learn) - The most popular Python library for Machine Learning with extensive documentation and community support.43233⭐29162🍴spark.ml) - 🌎 Apache Spark's scalable 🌎 Machine Learning library for distributed computing.568⭐83🍴TabGAN) - Synthetic tabular data generation using GANs, Diffusion Models, and LLMs.19345⭐1877🍴timesfm) - A pretrained foundation model from Google Research for time-series forecasting.28335⭐8869🍴xgboost) - A scalable, portable, and distributed gradient boosting library.
Libraries for working with human languages.
- General
16406⭐4412🍴gensim) - Topic Modeling for Humans.14603⭐3004🍴nltk) - A leading platform for building Python programs to work with human language data.33540⭐4679🍴spacy) - A library for industrial-strength natural language processing in Python and Cython.7783⭐942🍴stanza) - The Stanford NLP Group's official Python library, supporting 60+ languages.
- Chinese
Libraries for Computer Vision.
29396⭐3567🍴easyocr) - Ready-to-use OCR with 40+ languages supported.?⭐?🍴kornia) - Open Source Differentiable Computer Vision Library for PyTorch.5247⭐1009🍴opencv) - Open Source Computer Vision Library.6336⭐751🍴pytesseract) - A wrapper for Google Tesseract OCR.
Libraries for building recommender systems.
14230⭐1219🍴annoy) - Approximate Nearest Neighbors in C++/Python optimized for memory usage.3785⭐628🍴implicit) - A fast Python implementation of collaborative filtering for implicit datasets.6777⭐1054🍴scikit-surprise) - A scikit for building and analyzing recommender systems.
Web Development
Traditional full stack web frameworks. Also see Web APIs.
- Synchronous
8759⭐1499🍴bottle) - A fast and simple micro-framework distributed as a single file with no dependencies.87392⭐33911🍴django) - The most popular web framework in Python.11092⭐1461🍴awesome-django)
71480⭐16828🍴flask) - A microframework for Python.12719⭐1578🍴awesome-flask)
4082⭐893🍴pyramid) - A small, fast, down-to-earth, open source Python web framework.570⭐56🍴awesome-pyramid)
6925⭐306🍴fasthtml) - The fastest way to create an HTML app.78⭐8🍴awesome-fasthtml)
2364⭐137🍴masonite) - The modern and developer centric Python web framework.
- Asynchronous
8196⭐545🍴litestar) - Production-ready, capable and extensible ASGI Web framework.2110⭐154🍴microdot) - The impossibly small web framework for Python and MicroPython.28358⭐1712🍴reflex) - A framework for building reactive, full-stack web applications entirely with Python.7226⭐328🍴robyn) - A high-performance async Python web framework with a Rust runtime.12273⭐1168🍴starlette) - A lightweight ASGI framework and toolkit for building high-performance async services.22214⭐5542🍴tornado) - A web framework and asynchronous networking library.
Libraries for building RESTful and GraphQL APIs.
- Django
1183⭐116🍴django-modern-rest) - Modern REST with speed, types, async,msgspec,pydanticand other goodies!9034⭐574🍴django-ninja) - Fast, Django REST framework based on type hints and Pydantic.29991⭐7068🍴django-rest-framework) - A powerful and flexible toolkit to build web APIs.491⭐150🍴strawberry-django) - Strawberry GraphQL integration with Django.
- Flask
1129⭐140🍴apiflask) - A lightweight Python web API framework based on Flask and Marshmallow.
- Framework Agnostic
4582⭐783🍴connexion) - A spec-first framework that automatically handles requests based on your OpenAPI specification.9797⭐998🍴falcon) - A high-performance framework for building cloud APIs and web app backends.97859⭐9189🍴fastapi) - A modern, fast, web framework for building APIs with standard Python type hints.18643⭐1588🍴sanic) - A Python 3.6+ web server and web framework that's written to go fast.4650⭐634🍴strawberry) - A GraphQL library that leverages Python type annotations for schema definition.1408⭐164🍴webargs) - A friendly library for parsing HTTP request arguments with built-in support for popular web frameworks.
ASGI and WSGI compatible web servers.
- ASGI
2663⭐286🍴daphne) - An HTTP, HTTP/2 and WebSocket protocol server for ASGI and ASGI-HTTP.5321⭐150🍴granian) - A Rust HTTP server for Python applications built on top of Hyper and Tokio, supporting WSGI/ASGI/RSGI.1563⭐144🍴hypercorn) - An ASGI and WSGI Server based on Hyper libraries and inspired by Gunicorn.10633⭐940🍴uvicorn) - A lightning-fast ASGI server implementation, using uvloop and httptools.
- WSGI
- RPC
Libraries for working with WebSocket.
2537⭐765🍴autobahn-python) - WebSocket & WAMP for Python on Twisted and 🌎 asyncio.6346⭐822🍴channels) - Developer-friendly asynchrony for Django.5507⭐898🍴flask-socketio) - Socket.IO integration for Flask applications.265⭐18🍴picows) - Fastest WebSocket clients and servers with a frame level interface for the most demanding use-cases.5672⭐591🍴websockets) - A library for building WebSocket servers and clients with a focus on correctness and simplicity.
Libraries and tools for templating and lexing.
11604⭐1729🍴jinja) - A modern and designer friendly templating language.434⭐73🍴mako) - Hyperfast and lightweight templating for the Python platform.
Tools for managing, compressing and minifying website assets.
2868⭐609🍴django-compressor) - Compresses linked and inline JavaScript or CSS into a single cached file.2946⭐886🍴django-storages) - A collection of custom storage back ends for Django.
Libraries for implementing authentication schemes.
- OAuth
5295⭐533🍴authlib) - JavaScript Object Signing and Encryption draft implementation.10328⭐3111🍴django-allauth) - Authentication app for Django that "just works."3323⭐840🍴django-oauth-toolkit) - OAuth 2 goodies for Django.2965⭐507🍴oauthlib) - A generic and thorough implementation of the OAuth request-signing logic.
- JWT
5648⭐754🍴pyjwt) - JSON Web Token implementation in Python.
- Permissions
3899⭐587🍴django-guardian) - Implementation of per object permissions for Django 1.2+1974⭐153🍴django-rules) - A tiny but powerful app providing object-level permissions to Django, without requiring a database.
Libraries for administrative interfaces.
7927⭐870🍴ajenti) - The admin panel your servers deserve.3929⭐655🍴django-grappelli) - A jazzy skin for the Django Admin-Interface.3436⭐348🍴django-unfold) - Elevate your Django admin with a stunning modern interface, powerful features, and seamless user experience.6057⭐1633🍴flask-admin) - Simple and extensible administrative interface framework for Flask.7161⭐1142🍴flower) - Real-time monitor and web admin for Celery.407⭐20🍴func-to-web) - Instantly create web UIs from Python functions using type hints. Zero frontend code required.1796⭐169🍴jet-bridge) - Admin panel framework for any application with nice UI (ex Jet Django).
Content Management Systems.
10636⭐3198🍴django-cms) - The easy-to-use and developer-friendly enterprise CMS powered by Django.2065⭐526🍴indico) - A feature-rich event management system, made @ 🌎 CERN.20308⭐4516🍴wagtail) - A Django content management system.
Static site generator is a software that takes some text + templates as input and produces HTML files on the output.
3937⭐316🍴lektor) - An easy to use static CMS and blog engine.2729⭐467🍴nikola) - A static website and blog generator.13283⭐1832🍴pelican) - Static site generator that supports Markdown and reST syntax.
HTTP & Scraping
Libraries for working with HTTP.
16427⭐2263🍴aiohttp) - Asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python.2800⭐159🍴furl) - A small Python library that makes parsing and manipulating URLs easy.491⭐22🍴httptap) - Dissects an HTTP request into DNS, TCP, TLS, wait, and transfer phases and renders the timings as a waterfall.15255⭐1137🍴httpx) - A next generation HTTP client for Python.53953⭐9891🍴requests) - HTTP Requests for Humans.4020⭐1325🍴urllib3) - A HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post support, sanity friendly.
Libraries to automate web scraping and extract web content.
- Frameworks
91917⭐10453🍴browser-use) - Make websites accessible for AI agents with easy browser automation.64955⭐6643🍴crawl4ai) - An open-source, LLM-friendly web crawler that provides lightning-fast, structured data extraction specifically designed for AI agents.4854⭐389🍴mechanicalsoup) - A Python library for automating interaction with websites.61538⭐11519🍴scrapy) - A fast high-level screen scraping and web crawling framework.
- Content Extraction
2363⭐359🍴feedparser) - Universal feed parser.2146⭐292🍴html2text) - Convert HTML to Markdown-formatted text.674⭐89🍴micawber) - A small library for extracting rich content from URLs.3681⭐546🍴sumy) - A module for automatic summarization of text documents and HTML pages.5865⭐363🍴trafilatura) - A tool for gathering text and metadata from the web, with built-in content filtering.
Libraries for sending and parsing email, and mail server management.
3480⭐464🍴modoboa) - A mail hosting and management platform including a modern Web UI.2724⭐267🍴yagmail) - Yet another Gmail/SMTP client.
Database & Storage
Libraries that implement Object-Relational Mapping or data mapping techniques.
- Relational Databases
87392⭐33911🍴django.db.models) - The Django 🌎 ORM.11818⭐1675🍴sqlalchemy) - The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational Mapper.3044⭐160🍴awesome-sqlalchemy)
4860⭐299🍴dataset) - Store Python dicts in a database - works with SQLite, MySQL, and PostgreSQL.11960⭐1386🍴peewee) - A small, expressive ORM.?⭐?🍴pony) - ORM that provides a generator-oriented interface to SQL.17897⭐845🍴sqlmodel) - SQLModel is based on Python type annotations, and powered by Pydantic and SQLAlchemy.5564⭐480🍴tortoise-orm) - An easy-to-use asyncio ORM inspired by Django, with relations support.
- NoSQL Databases
2673⭐285🍴beanie) - An asynchronous Python object-document mapper (ODM) for MongoDB.4351⭐1232🍴mongoengine) - A Python Object-Document-Mapper for working with MongoDB.2647⭐429🍴pynamodb) - A Pythonic interface for 🌎 Amazon DynamoDB.
Libraries for connecting and operating databases.
- MySQL -
2567⭐405🍴awesome-mysql)2526⭐446🍴mysqlclient) - MySQL connector with Python 3 support 🌎 mysql-python fork).7832⭐1440🍴pymysql) - A pure Python MySQL driver compatible to mysql-python.
- PostgreSQL -
11880⭐957🍴awesome-postgres)2377⭐242🍴psycopg) - The most popular PostgreSQL adapter for Python.
- SQLite -
394⭐47🍴awesome-sqlite)2046⭐136🍴sqlite-utils) - Python CLI utility and library for manipulating SQLite databases.- 🌎 sqlite3 - (Python standard library) SQLite interface compliant with DB-API 2.0.
- Other Relational Databases
1293⭐230🍴clickhouse-driver) - Python driver with native interface for ClickHouse.421⭐48🍴mssql-python) - Official Microsoft driver for SQL Server and Azure SQL, built on ODBC for high performance and low memory usage.
- NoSQL Databases
1428⭐576🍴cassandra-driver) - The Python Driver for Apache Cassandra.220⭐32🍴django-mongodb-backend) - Official MongoDB database backend for Django.4341⭐1141🍴pymongo) - The official Python client for MongoDB.13524⭐2673🍴redis-py) - The Python client for Redis.
Databases implemented in Python.
27786⭐2229🍴chromadb) - An open-source embedding database for building AI applications with embeddings and semantic search.37914⭐3199🍴duckdb) - An in-process SQL OLAP database management system; optimized for analytics and fast queries, similar to SQLite but for analytical workloads.1071⭐133🍴pickledb) - A simple and lightweight key-value store for Python.7502⭐608🍴tinydb) - A tiny, document-oriented database.753⭐100🍴ZODB) - A native object database for Python. A key-value and object graph database.
Libraries for caching data.
2723⭐192🍴cachetools) - Extensible memoizing collections and decorators.2265⭐238🍴django-cacheops) - A slick ORM cache with automatic granular event-driven invalidation.294⭐49🍴dogpile.cache) - dogpile.cache is a next generation replacement for Beaker made by the same authors.2875⭐164🍴python-diskcache) - SQLite and file backed cache backend with faster lookups than memcached and redis.
Libraries and software for indexing and performing search queries on data.
3752⭐1312🍴django-haystack) - Modular search for Django.4369⭐1207🍴elasticsearch-py) - The official low-level Python client for 🌎 Elasticsearch.699⭐337🍴pysolr) - A lightweight Python wrapper for 🌎 Apache Solr.
Libraries for serializing complex data types.
7234⭐692🍴marshmallow) - A lightweight library for converting complex objects to and from simple Python datatypes.2084⭐244🍴msgpack) - MessagePack serializer implementation for Python.8050⭐303🍴orjson) - Fast, correct JSON library.
Data & Science
Libraries for data analysis.
- General
4109⭐727🍴aws-sdk-pandas) - Pandas on AWS.11023⭐830🍴datasette) - An open source multi-tool for exploring and publishing data.13536⭐1786🍴data-profiling) - Generate detailed data profiling reports for pandas DataFrames.?⭐?🍴desbordante) - An open source data profiler for complex pattern discovery.6522⭐716🍴ibis) - A portable Python dataframe library with a single API for 20+ backends.10384⭐673🍴modin) - A drop-in pandas replacement that scales workflows by changing a single line of code.48652⭐19899🍴pandas) - A library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools.63354⭐1632🍴pathway) - Real-time data processing framework for Python with reactive dataflows.38366⭐2798🍴polars) - A fast DataFrame library implemented in Rust with a Python API.
- Financial Data
18823⭐3127🍴akshare) - A financial data interface library, built for human beings!2086⭐355🍴edgartools) - Library for downloading structured data from SEC EDGAR filings and XBRL financial statements.1399⭐279🍴lumibot) - Algorithmic trading framework for backtesting and live deployment across stocks, options, crypto, futures, and forex.66942⭐6701🍴openbb) - A financial data platform for analysts, quants and AI agents.23356⭐3220🍴yfinance) - Easy Pythonic way to download market and financial data from Yahoo Finance.
Libraries for validating data. Used for forms in many cases.
3277⭐242🍴cerberus) - A lightweight and extensible data validation library.4944⭐616🍴jsonschema) - An implementation of JSON Schema for Python.4324⭐395🍴pandera) - A data validation library for dataframes, with support for pandas, polars, and Spark.27671⭐2585🍴pydantic) - Data validation using Python type hints.1847⭐222🍴voluptuous) - A Python data validation library primarily intended for validating data from untrusted sources.
Libraries for visualizing data. Also see 34960⭐ 4533🍴 awesome-javascript).
- Plotting
10363⭐845🍴altair) - Declarative statistical visualization library for Python.20375⭐4254🍴bokeh) - Interactive Web Plotting for Python.3688⭐482🍴bqplot) - Interactive Plotting Library for the Jupyter Notebook.22764⭐8323🍴matplotlib) - A Python 2D plotting library.18498⭐2804🍴plotly) - Interactive graphing library for Python.4557⭐246🍴plotnine) - A grammar of graphics for Python based on ggplot2.2759⭐418🍴pygal) - A Python SVG Charts Creator.4335⭐1152🍴pyqtgraph) - Interactive and realtime 2D/3D/Image plotting and science/engineering widgets.13837⭐2105🍴seaborn) - Statistical data visualization using Matplotlib.293⭐25🍴ultraplot) - Matplotlib wrapper for publication-ready scientific figures with minimal code. Includes advanced subplot management, panel layouts, and batteries-included geoscience plotting.3568⭐630🍴vispy) - High-performance scientific visualization based on OpenGL.
- Specialized
1598⭐395🍴cartopy) - A cartographic python library with matplotlib support.?⭐?🍴pygraphviz) - Python interface to Graphviz.
- Dashboards and Apps
Libraries for geocoding addresses and working with latitudes and longitudes.
1526⭐302🍴django-countries) - A Django app that provides a country field for models and forms.87392⭐33911🍴geodjango) - A world-class geographic web framework that is part of 🌎 Django.985⭐129🍴geojson) - Python bindings and utilities for GeoJSON.5115⭐1014🍴geopandas) - Python tools for geographic data (GeoSeries/GeoDataFrame) built on pandas.4809⭐665🍴geopy) - Python Geocoding Toolbox.
Libraries for scientific computing. Also see 359⭐ 48🍴 Python-for-Scientists).
- Core
11007⭐1257🍴numba) - Python JIT compiler to LLVM aimed at scientific Python.31954⭐12328🍴numpy) - A fundamental package for scientific computing with Python.14658⭐5717🍴scipy) - A Python-based ecosystem of open-source software for mathematics, science, and engineering.11392⭐3335🍴statsmodels) - Statistical modeling and econometrics in Python.14605⭐5278🍴sympy) - A Python library for symbolic mathematics.
- Biology and Chemistry
5002⭐1889🍴biopython) - Biopython is a set of freely available tools for biological computation.405⭐178🍴cclib) - A library for parsing and interpreting the results of computational chemistry packages.1315⭐471🍴openbabel) - A chemical toolbox designed to speak the many languages of chemical data.3417⭐1011🍴rdkit) - Cheminformatics and Machine Learning Software.
- Physics and Engineering
5141⭐2082🍴astropy) - A community Python library for Astronomy.1295⭐562🍴obspy) - A Python toolbox for seismology.410⭐119🍴pydy) - Short for Python Dynamics, used to assist with workflow in the modeling of dynamic motion.29384⭐7271🍴PythonRobotics) - This is a compilation of various robotics algorithms with visualizations.
- Simulation and Modeling
- Other
2572⭐290🍴colour) - Implementing a comprehensive number of colour theory transformations and algorithms.38087⭐2801🍴manim) - An animation engine for explanatory math videos.16868⭐3503🍴networkx) - A high-productivity software for complex networks.4430⭐613🍴shapely) - Manipulation and analysis of geometric objects in the Cartesian plane.
Libraries for quantum computing.
4947⭐1212🍴Cirq) — A Google-developed framework focused on hardware-aware quantum circuit design for NISQ devices.3186⭐777🍴pennylane) — A hybrid quantum-classical machine learning library with automatic differentiation support.7332⭐2865🍴qiskit) — An IBM-backed quantum SDK for building, simulating, and running circuits on real quantum hardware.2007⭐755🍴qutip) - Quantum Toolbox in Python.
Developer Tools
Python implementation of data structures, algorithms and design patterns. Also see 25069⭐ 2949🍴 awesome-algorithms).
- Algorithms
25439⭐4732🍴algorithms) - Minimal examples of data structures and algorithms.3937⭐230🍴sortedcontainers) - Fast and pure-Python implementation of sorted collections.220689⭐50519🍴thealgorithms) - All Algorithms implemented in Python.
- Design Patterns
42738⭐7029🍴python-patterns) - A collection of design patterns in Python.6501⭐568🍴transitions) - A lightweight, object-oriented finite state machine implementation.
Interactive Python interpreters (REPL).
13125⭐5655🍴jupyter) - A rich toolkit to help you make the most out of using Python interactively.4597⭐456🍴awesome-jupyter)
20761⭐1067🍴marimo) - Transform data and train models, feels like a next-gen notebook, stored as Git-friendly Python.5426⭐290🍴ptpython) - Advanced Python REPL built on top of the10438⭐785🍴python-prompt-toolkit).
Tools of static analysis, linters and code quality checkers. Also see 14525⭐ 1460🍴 awesome-static-analysis).
- Code Analysis
4571⭐328🍴code2flow) - Turn your Python and JavaScript code into DOT flowcharts.2075⭐180🍴prospector) - A tool to analyze Python code.1364⭐204🍴repowise) - Codebase intelligence that indexes repos into dependency graphs, git history, and auto-generated docs with dead code detection.4571⭐185🍴vulture) - A tool for finding and analyzing dead Python code.
- Code Linters
7987⭐756🍴bandit) - A tool designed to find common security issues in Python code.3781⭐342🍴flake8) - A wrapper aroundpycodestyle,pyflakesand McCabe.1275⭐52🍴awesome-flake8-extensions)
5675⭐1240🍴pylint) - A fully customizable source code analyzer.47351⭐2039🍴ruff) - An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter.
- Code Formatters
- Refactoring
2205⭐184🍴rope) - Rope is a python refactoring library.
- Type Checkers -
1954⭐79🍴awesome-python-typing) - Type Annotations Generators
4997⭐203🍴monkeytype) - A system for Python that generates static type annotations by collecting runtime types.5033⭐290🍴pytype) - Pytype checks and infers types for Python code - without requiring type annotations.
Libraries for testing codebases and generating test data. Also see 284⭐ 40🍴 awesome-python-testing).
- Frameworks
8608⭐643🍴hypothesis) - Hypothesis is an advanced Quickcheck style property based testing library.13821⭐3110🍴pytest) - A mature full-featured Python testing tool.560⭐58🍴awesome-pytest)
11608⭐2546🍴robotframework) - A generic test automation framework.1492⭐104🍴scanapi) - Automated Testing and Documentation for your REST API.- 🌎 unittest - (Python standard library) Unit testing framework.
- Test Runners
- GUI / Web Testing
27749⭐3207🍴locust) - Scalable user load testing tool written in Python.14576⭐1150🍴playwright-python) - Python version of the Playwright testing and automation library.12471⭐1410🍴pyautogui) - PyAutoGUI is a cross-platform GUI automation Python module for human beings.3261⭐207🍴schemathesis) - A tool for automatic property-based testing of web applications built with Open API / Swagger specifications.34078⭐8675🍴selenium) - Python bindings for 🌎 Selenium 🌎 WebDriver.
- Mock
4503⭐297🍴freezegun) - Travel through time by mocking the datetime module.- 🌎 mock - (Python standard library) A mocking and patching library.
308⭐50🍴mocket) - A socket mock framework with gevent/asyncio/SSL support.4339⭐365🍴responses) - A utility library for mocking out the requests Python library.793⭐55🍴respx) - Mock HTTPX with awesome request patterns and response side effects.2962⭐425🍴vcrpy) - Record and replay HTTP interactions on your tests.
- Object Factories
3788⭐415🍴factory_boy) - A test fixtures replacement for Python.1458⭐113🍴polyfactory) - mock data generation library with support to classes (continuation ofpydantic-factories)
- Code Coverage
3361⭐479🍴coverage) - Code coverage measurement.
- Fake Data
Libraries for debugging code.
- pdb-like Debugger
- Tracing
402⭐25🍴manhole) - Debugging UNIX socket connections and present the stacktraces for all threads and an interactive prompt.866⭐51🍴python-hunter) - A flexible code tracing toolkit.
- Profiler
- Others
8356⭐1082🍴django-debug-toolbar) - Display various debug information for Django.978⭐149🍴flask-debugtoolbar) - A port of the django-debug-toolbar to flask.10042⭐219🍴icecream) - Inspect variables, expressions, and program execution with a single, simple function call.912⭐64🍴memory_graph) - Visualize Python data at runtime to debug references, mutability, and aliasing.
Compile software from source code.
515⭐284🍴bitbake) - A make-like build tool for embedded Linux.4744⭐392🍴invoke) - A tool for managing shell-oriented subprocesses and organizing executable Python code into CLI-invokable tasks.9061⭐863🍴platformio) - A console tool to build code with different development platforms.1983⭐273🍴pybuilder) - A continuous build tool written in pure Python.2044⭐190🍴doit) - A task runner and build tool.2373⭐343🍴scons) - A software construction tool.
Libraries for generating project documentation.
?⭐?🍴sphinx) - Python Documentation generator.973⭐75🍴awesome-sphinxdoc)
42239⭐2724🍴diagrams) - Diagram as Code.?⭐?🍴mkdocs) - Markdown friendly documentation generator.2499⭐222🍴pdoc) - Epydoc replacement to auto generate API documentation for Python libraries.
DevOps
Software and libraries for DevOps.
- Cloud Providers
- Configuration Management
68459⭐24152🍴ansible) - A radically simple IT automation platform.3677⭐1061🍴cloudinit) - A multi-distribution package that handles early initialization of a cloud instance.5898⭐1618🍴openstack) - Open source software for building private and public clouds.4972⭐485🍴pyinfra) - A versatile CLI tools and python libraries to automate infrastructure.15369⭐5588🍴saltstack) - Infrastructure automation and management system.
- Deployment
- Monitoring and Processes
11154⭐1478🍴psutil) - A cross-platform process and system utilities module.2175⭐610🍴sentry-python) - Sentry SDK for Python.7233⭐506🍴sh) - A full-fledged subprocess replacement for Python.9038⭐1264🍴supervisor) - Supervisor process control system for UNIX.
- Other
13271⭐843🍴borg) - A deduplicating archiver with compression and encryption.2006⭐202🍴chaostoolkit) - A Chaos Engineering toolkit & Orchestration for Developers.15228⭐959🍴pre-commit) - A framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks.
Frameworks and libraries for Distributed Computing.
- Batch Processing
13820⭐1868🍴dask) - A flexible parallel computing library for analytic computing.18711⭐2450🍴luigi) - A module that helps you build complex pipelines of batch jobs.907⭐134🍴mpi4py) - Python bindings for MPI.43233⭐29162🍴pyspark) - 🌎 Apache Spark Python API.4344⭐452🍴joblib) - A set of tools to provide lightweight pipelining in Python.?⭐?🍴ray) - A system for parallel and distributed Python that unifies the machine learning ecosystem.
Libraries for working with task queues.
28426⭐5027🍴celery) - An asynchronous task queue/job queue based on distributed message passing.5218⭐360🍴dramatiq) - A fast and reliable background task processing library for Python 3.5952⭐395🍴huey) - Little multi-threaded task queue.10627⭐1468🍴rq) - Simple job queues for Python.
Libraries for working with message brokers and event streaming.
5139⭐343🍴faststream) - A framework for building asynchronous services over Apache Kafka, RabbitMQ, NATS, MQTT and Redis.
Libraries for scheduling jobs.
45275⭐16988🍴airflow) - Airflow is a platform to programmatically author, schedule and monitor workflows.7465⭐761🍴apscheduler) - A light but powerful in-process task scheduler that lets you schedule functions.15426⭐2111🍴dagster) - An orchestration platform for the development, production, and observation of data assets.22294⭐2289🍴prefect) - A modern workflow orchestration framework that makes it easy to build, schedule and monitor robust data pipelines.12246⭐997🍴schedule) - Python job scheduling for humans.1880⭐337🍴SpiffWorkflow) - A powerful workflow engine implemented in pure Python.
Libraries for generating and working with logs.
105⭐11🍴logfmter) - A standard library compatible logfmt formatter.- 🌎 logging - (Python standard library) Logging facility for Python.
23852⭐790🍴loguru) - Library which aims to bring enjoyable logging in Python.4755⭐277🍴structlog) - Structured logging made easy.
Tools and libraries for Virtual Networking and SDN (Software Defined Networking).
5802⭐1797🍴mininet) - A popular network emulator and API written in Python.2450⭐586🍴napalm) - Cross-vendor API to manipulate network devices.12260⭐2209🍴scapy) - A brilliant packet manipulation library.
CLI & GUI
Libraries for building command-line applications.
- CLI Development
- 🌎 argparse - (Python standard library) Command-line option and argument parsing.
1343⭐119🍴cement) - CLI Application Framework for Python.?⭐?🍴click) - A package for creating beautiful command line interfaces in a composable way.28184⭐1479🍴python-fire) - A library for creating command line interfaces from absolutely any Python object.10438⭐785🍴python-prompt-toolkit) - A library for building powerful interactive command lines.19340⭐889🍴typer) - Modern CLI framework that uses Python type hints. Built on Click and Pydantic.
- Terminal Rendering
6266⭐233🍴alive-progress) - A new kind of Progress Bar, with real-time throughput, eta and very cool animations.4277⭐264🍴asciimatics) - A package to create full-screen text UIs (from interactive forms to ASCII animations).3777⭐272🍴colorama) - Cross-platform colored terminal text.56240⭐2133🍴rich) - Python library for rich text and beautiful formatting in the terminal. Also provides a greatRichHandlerlog handler.35704⭐1189🍴textual) - A framework for building interactive user interfaces that run in the terminal and the browser.31136⭐1447🍴tqdm) - Fast, extensible progress bar for loops and CLI.
Useful CLI-based tools for productivity.
- Productivity Tools
24849⭐2227🍴cookiecutter) - A command-line utility that creates projects from cookiecutters (project templates).3327⭐254🍴copier) - A library and command-line utility for rendering projects templates.3560⭐101🍴doitlive) - A tool for live presentations in the terminal.96791⭐3935🍴thefuck) - Correcting your previous console command.4496⭐238🍴tmuxp) - A45103⭐2601🍴tmux) session manager.?⭐?🍴xonsh) - A Python-powered shell. Full-featured and cross-platform.160407⭐13303🍴yt-dlp) - A command-line program to download videos from YouTube and other video sites, a fork of youtube-dl.
- CLI Enhancements
38038⭐3928🍴httpie) - A command line HTTP client, a user-friendly cURL replacement.2733⭐117🍴iredis) - Redis CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.3234⭐93🍴litecli) - SQLite CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.11907⭐690🍴mycli) - MySQL CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.13141⭐591🍴pgcli) - PostgreSQL CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.
Libraries for working with graphical user interface applications.
- Desktop
13329⭐1162🍴customtkinter) - A modern and customizable python UI-library based on Tkinter.15395⭐784🍴dearpygui) - A Simple GPU accelerated Python GUI framework1575⭐132🍴enaml) - Creating beautiful user-interfaces with Declarative Syntax like QML.18927⭐3144🍴kivy) - A library for creating NUI applications, running on Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Android and iOS.2190⭐333🍴pyglet) - A cross-platform windowing and multimedia library for Python.156⭐30🍴pygobject) - Python Bindings for GLib/GObject/GIO/GTK+ (GTK+3).- 🌎 PyQt - Python bindings for the 🌎 Qt cross-platform application and UI framework.
117⭐25🍴pyside) - Qt for Python offers the official Python bindings for 🌎 Qt, this is same as PyQt but it's the official binding with different licensing.- 🌎 tkinter - (Python standard library) The standard Python interface to the Tcl/Tk GUI toolkit.
5344⭐798🍴toga) - A Python native, OS native GUI toolkit.2607⭐558🍴wxPython) - A blending of the wxWidgets C++ class library with the Python.
- Web-based
- Terminal
- Wrappers
21912⭐1047🍴gooey) - Turn command line programs into a full GUI application with one line.
Text & Documents
Libraries for parsing and manipulating plain texts.
- General
1442⭐468🍴babel) - An internationalization library for Python.2618⭐298🍴chardet) - Python 2/3 compatible character encoding detector.- 🌎 difflib - (Python standard library) Helpers for computing deltas.
4036⭐126🍴ftfy) - Makes Unicode text less broken and more consistent automagically.273⭐25🍴pangu.py) - Paranoid text spacing.1556⭐151🍴pyfiglet) - An implementation of figlet written in Python.5294⭐630🍴pypinyin) - Convert Chinese hanzi (漢字) to pinyin (拼音).1608⭐119🍴python-slugify) - A Python slugify library that translates unicode to ASCII.3528⭐258🍴textdistance) - Compute distance between sequences with 30+ algorithms.606⭐67🍴unidecode) - ASCII transliterations of Unicode text.
- Unique identifiers
- Parser
2154⭐801🍴pygments) - A generic syntax highlighter.2466⭐310🍴pyparsing) - A general purpose framework for generating parsers.707⭐105🍴python-nameparser) - Parsing human names into their individual components.3735⭐439🍴python-phonenumbers) - Parsing, formatting, storing and validating international phone numbers.1515⭐194🍴python-user-agents) - Browser user agent parser.4004⭐722🍴sqlparse) - A non-validating SQL parser.
Libraries for working with HTML and XML.
- 🌎 beautifulsoup - Providing Pythonic idioms for iterating, searching, and modifying HTML or XML.
?⭐?🍴justhtml) - A pure Python HTML5 parser that just works.3018⭐613🍴lxml) - A very fast, easy-to-use and versatile library for handling HTML and XML.687⭐177🍴markupsafe) - Implements a XML/HTML/XHTML Markup safe string for Python.2380⭐187🍴pyquery) - A jQuery-like library for parsing HTML.184⭐24🍴tinycss2) - A low-level CSS parser and generator written in Python.5734⭐470🍴xmltodict) - Working with XML feel like you are working with JSON.
Libraries for parsing and manipulating specific text formats.
- General
59082⭐4065🍴docling) - Library for converting documents into structured data.8210⭐473🍴kreuzberg) - High-performance document extraction library with a Rust core, supporting 62+ formats including PDF, Office, images with OCR, HTML, email, and archives.2232⭐538🍴pyelftools) - Parsing and analyzing ELF files and DWARF debugging information.4750⭐593🍴tablib) - A module for Tabular Datasets in XLS, CSV, JSON, YAML.
- MS Office
2626⭐434🍴docxtpl) - Editing a docx document by jinja2 template- 🌎 openpyxl - A library for reading and writing Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm files.
1281⭐168🍴pyexcel) - Providing one API for reading, manipulating and writing csv, ods, xls, xlsx and xlsm files.5560⭐1274🍴python-docx) - Reads, queries and modifies Microsoft Word 2007/2008 docx files.3333⭐704🍴python-pptx) - Python library for creating and updating PowerPoint (.pptx) files.3937⭐662🍴xlsxwriter) - A Python module for creating Excel .xlsx files.3344⭐531🍴xlwings) - A BSD-licensed library that makes it easy to call Python from Excel and vice versa.
- PDF
717⭐78🍴pdf_oxide) - A fast PDF library for text extraction, image extraction, and markdown conversion, powered by Rust.6966⭐1025🍴pdfminer.six) - Pdfminer.six is a community maintained fork of the original PDFMiner.2706⭐223🍴pikepdf) - A powerful library for reading and editing PDF files, based on qpdf.9977⭐1563🍴pypdf) - A library capable of splitting, merging, cropping, and transforming PDF pages.- 🌎 reportlab - Allowing Rapid creation of rich PDF documents.
8927⭐808🍴weasyprint) - A visual rendering engine for HTML and CSS that can export to PDF.
- Markdown
1299⭐100🍴markdown-it-py) - Markdown parser with 100% CommonMark support, extensions, and syntax plugins.4203⭐899🍴markdown) - A Python implementation of John Gruber’s Markdown.119933⭐7974🍴markitdown) - Python tool for converting files and office documents to Markdown.3022⭐281🍴mistune) - Fastest and full featured pure Python parsers of Markdown.
- Data Formats
Libraries for file manipulation.
- 🌎 mimetypes - (Python standard library) Map filenames to MIME types.
- 🌎 pathlib - (Python standard library) A cross-platform, object-oriented path library.
2907⭐303🍴python-magic) - A Python interface to the libmagic file type identification library.7328⭐747🍴watchdog) - API and shell utilities to monitor file system events.2473⭐132🍴watchfiles) - Simple, modern and fast file watching and code reload in python.
Media
Libraries for manipulating images.
13550⭐2434🍴pillow) - Pillow is the friendly 🌎 PIL fork.1898⭐226🍴pymatting) - A library for alpha matting.653⭐135🍴python-barcode) - Create barcodes in Python with no extra dependencies.4891⭐726🍴python-qrcode) - A pure Python QR Code generator.800⭐56🍴pyvips) - A fast image processing library with low memory needs.6507⭐2374🍴scikit-image) - A Python library for (scientific) image processing.10478⭐865🍴thumbor) - A smart imaging service. It enables on-demand crop, re-sizing and flipping of images.1483⭐199🍴wand) - Python bindings for 🌎 MagickWand, C API for ImageMagick.
Libraries for manipulating audio, video, and their metadata.
- Audio
2607⭐383🍴gtts) - Python library and CLI tool for converting text to speech using Google Translate TTS.8372⭐1047🍴librosa) - Python library for audio and music analysis.2507⭐267🍴matchering) - A library for automated reference audio mastering.9757⭐1127🍴pydub) - Manipulate audio with a simple and easy high level interface.
- Video
- Metadata
15071⭐2017🍴beets) - A music library manager and 🌎 MusicBrainz tagger.1890⭐188🍴mutagen) - A Python module to handle audio metadata.813⭐104🍴tinytag) - A library for reading music meta data of MP3, OGG, FLAC and Wave files.
Awesome game development libraries.
2017⭐366🍴arcade) - Arcade is a modern Python framework for crafting games with compelling graphics and sound.5116⭐868🍴panda3d) - 3D game engine developed by Disney.339⭐52🍴py-sdl2) - A ctypes based wrapper for the SDL2 library.8746⭐4099🍴pygame) - Pygame is a set of Python modules designed for writing games.403⭐126🍴pyopengl) - Python ctypes bindings for OpenGL and it's related APIs.6450⭐878🍴renpy) - A Visual Novel engine.
Python Language
Implementations of Python.
72561⭐34550🍴cpython) - Default, most widely used implementation of the Python programming language written in C.10716⭐1613🍴cython) - Optimizing Static Compiler for Python.2739⭐311🍴ironpython) - Implementation of the Python programming language written in C#.21675⭐8812🍴micropython) - A lean and efficient Python programming language implementation.14566⭐1015🍴pyodide) - Python distribution for the browser and Node.js based on WebAssembly.1719⭐112🍴pypy) - A very fast and compliant implementation of the Python language.
Libraries for enhancing Python built-in classes.
5775⭐430🍴attrs) - Replacement for__init__,__eq__,__repr__, etc. boilerplate in class definitions.1578⭐65🍴bidict) - Efficient, Pythonic bidirectional map data structures and related functionality.2819⭐121🍴box) - Python dictionaries with advanced dot notation access.
Functional Programming with Python.
4324⭐141🍴coconut) - A variant of Python built for simple, elegant, Pythonic functional programming.- 🌎 functools - (Python standard library) Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects.
3500⭐151🍴funcy) - A fancy and practical functional tools.4061⭐316🍴more-itertools) - More routines for operating on iterables, beyonditertools.4276⭐147🍴returns) - A set of type-safe monads, transformers, and composition utilities.5140⭐270🍴toolz) - A collection of functional utilities for iterators, functions, and dictionaries. Also available as?⭐?🍴cytoolz) for Cython-accelerated performance.
Libraries for asynchronous, concurrent and parallel execution. Also see 5055⭐ 349🍴 awesome-asyncio).
2454⭐201🍴anyio) - A high-level async concurrency and networking framework that works on top of asyncio or trio.- 🌎 asyncio - (Python standard library) Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks.
5055⭐349🍴awesome-asyncio)
- 🌎 concurrent.futures - (Python standard library) A high-level interface for asynchronously executing callables.
6442⭐964🍴gevent) - A coroutine-based Python networking library that uses1824⭐265🍴greenlet).- 🌎 multiprocessing - (Python standard library) Process-based parallelism.
7256⭐393🍴trio) - A friendly library for async concurrency and I/O.5963⭐1210🍴twisted) - An event-driven networking engine.11779⭐605🍴uvloop) - Ultra fast asyncio event loop.
Libraries for working with dates and times.
2804⭐494🍴dateparser) - A Python parser for human-readable dates in dozens of languages.2614⭐543🍴dateutil) - Extensions to the standard Python 🌎 datetime module.6662⭐426🍴pendulum) - Python datetimes made easy.- 🌎 zoneinfo - (Python standard library) IANA time zone support. Brings the 🌎 tz database into Python.
Python Toolchain
Libraries for Python version and virtual environment management.
109⭐3🍴KillPy) - Analyze, detect, and clean unused Python environments and pipx packages.44708⭐3247🍴pyenv) - Simple Python version management.7213⭐579🍴pyenv-win) - Pyenv for Windows.84311⭐3032🍴uv) - An extremely fast Python version, package and project manager, written in Rust.5034⭐1088🍴virtualenv) - A tool to create isolated Python environments.
Libraries for package and dependency management.
?⭐?🍴conda) - Cross-platform, Python-agnostic binary package manager.10186⭐3264🍴pip) - The package installer for Python.12778⭐559🍴pipx) - Install and Run Python Applications in Isolated Environments. Likenpxin Node.js.34276⭐2435🍴poetry) - Python dependency management and packaging made easy.84311⭐3032🍴uv) - An extremely fast Python version, package and project manager, written in Rust.
Local PyPI repository server and proxies.
?⭐?🍴bandersnatch) - PyPI mirroring tool provided by Python Packaging Authority (PyPA).1169⭐145🍴devpi) - PyPI server and packaging/testing/release tool.4012⭐1151🍴warehouse) - Next generation Python Package Repository (PyPI).
Libraries to create packaged executables for release distribution.
1537⭐238🍴cx-Freeze) - It is a Python tool that converts Python scripts into standalone executables and installers for Windows, macOS, and Linux.14802⭐773🍴Nuitka) - Compiles Python programs into high-performance standalone executables (cross-platform, supports all Python versions).5059⭐355🍴pyarmor) - A tool used to obfuscate python scripts, bind obfuscated scripts to fixed machine or expire obfuscated scripts.12971⭐2017🍴pyinstaller) - Converts Python programs into stand-alone executables (cross-platform).1928⭐110🍴shiv) - A command line utility for building fully self-contained zipapps (PEP 441), but with all their dependencies included.
Libraries for storing and parsing configuration options.
- 🌎 configparser - (Python standard library) INI file parser.
4290⭐320🍴dynaconf) - Dynaconf is a configuration manager with plugins for Django, Flask and FastAPI.10344⭐835🍴hydra) - Hydra is a framework for elegantly configuring complex applications.3033⭐217🍴python-decouple) - Strict separation of settings from code.8752⭐522🍴python-dotenv) - Reads key-value pairs from a.envfile and sets them as environment variables.
Security
7576⭐1747🍴cryptography) - A package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers.9743⭐2047🍴paramiko) - The leading native Python SSHv2 protocol library.1193⭐256🍴pynacl) - Python binding to the Networking and Cryptography (NaCl) library.
Frameworks and tools for penetration testing.
43374⭐4545🍴mitmproxy) - An interactive TLS-capable intercepting HTTP proxy for penetration testers and software developers.14830⭐3347🍴setoolkit) - A toolkit for social engineering.82866⭐9664🍴sherlock) - Hunt down social media accounts by username across social networks.37242⭐6251🍴sqlmap) - Automatic SQL injection and database takeover tool.
Libraries for application-layer web security.
993⭐31🍴secure) - HTTP security headers for Python web applications with ASGI and WSGI middleware.
Other
Libraries for programming with hardware.
2396⭐350🍴bleak) - A cross platform Bluetooth Low Energy Client for Python using asyncio.2139⭐283🍴pynput) - A library to control and monitor input devices.
Python programming on Microsoft Windows.
5453⭐773🍴pythonnet) - Python Integration with the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR).5554⭐851🍴pywin32) - Python Extensions for Windows.2263⭐351🍴winpython) - Portable development environment for Windows 10/11.
Useful libraries or tools that don't fit in the categories above.
2053⭐192🍴blinker) - A fast Python in-process signal/event dispatching system.6882⭐390🍴boltons) - A set of pure-Python utilities.3113⭐237🍴itsdangerous) - Various helpers to pass trusted data to untrusted environments.184⭐67🍴tryton) - A general-purpose business framework.
Where to discover learning resources or new Python libraries.
- 🌎 Python Developer Tooling Handbook - Comprehensive guide to modern Python developer tools covering package management, linting, type checking, testing, and more.
Your contributions are always welcome! Please take a look at the contribution guidelines first.
If you have any question about this opinionated list, do not hesitate to contact 🌎 @vinta on X (Twitter).
295833⭐ 27811🍴 vinta/awesome-python)