Add: SentinelBinarySearch algorithm with tests

[Pranjali86]

• [ x] I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• [ x] This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• [ x] All filenames are in PascalCase.
• [ x] All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• [ x] All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• [ x] All new algorithms include a corresponding test class that validates their functionality.
• [ ] All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 79.56%. Comparing base (2616e09) to head (065925d).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #7415      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     79.54%   79.56%   +0.01%     
- Complexity     7178     7184       +6     
============================================
  Files           798      799       +1     
  Lines         23467    23480      +13     
  Branches       4617     4620       +3     
============================================
+ Hits          18666    18681      +15     
+ Misses         4055     4054       -1     
+ Partials        746      745       -1     

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