[rust] Add version-aware integration test harness (0.9.x / 1.x) - #632

Node.js 20 is deprecated. The following actions target Node.js 20 but are being forced to run on Node.js 24: actions/upload-artifact@v4, arduino/setup-protoc@c65c819552d16ad3c9b72d9dfd5ba5237b9c906b. For more information see: https://github.blog/changelog/2025-09-19-deprecation-of-node-20-on-github-actions-runners/